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DDEFG}GoGNrGuH|IkJfKWTHE HELP COMMAND________________'o There are three (3) ways to use HELP.';1) You may press the HELP key at any time during your work.;5The HELP text that appears applies to the command you55are using when you pressed HELP.  When you resume (by59pressing R or RETURN), your work will be exactly as you9left it.:2) You may view information of special topics right now by:8selecting one of the topics at the bottom of the screen.86Do so by typing the first letter of the desired topic.6B3) You may familiarize yourself with all the available informationB=by paging through this text.  Use the NEXT PAGE and PREV PAGE=keys to page through the text.?o If you need information about a command, use the SPACE BAR to?6highlight the command name on the menu and press HELP.6USING MENUS___________8o Multiplan uses menus extensively to make it easier for8$you to remember what command to use.$:o With Multiplan, you always have a choice of what you can:9do.  For example, if you select COPY, Multiplan tells you9'that you can copy DOWN, RIGHT, or FROM.'.o You can select an item from a menu two ways:.6o You can press the first letter (e.g. C for Copy); or6>o You can use the SPACE BAR to highlight the option, and press>GO, RETURN, or NEXT.USING MENUS (cont).____________________Bo If the menu has many fields, use the TAB key to move to the nextB0field.  For example, COPY RIGHT looks like this:07COPY RIGHT number of cells: ______ starting at: _______7Bo Fill in the first field, press TAB to select the next field, andB@fill it in.  If you press TAB again, Multiplan moves back to the@9the first field.  When you like the command, press RETURN9RETURN, GO, or NEXT.ENTERING NUMBERS________________,o Numbers are easily entered into Multiplan.,?o When you press the keys (0 through 9), Multiplan assumes that?you are ready to enter a value.o You can enter numbers as follows::o 1234 for the value one thousand two hundred thirtyfour.:o 12.5 for twelve and ahalf.o 12 for 12 per cent or .12@o If you enter a formula such as 3*5, Multiplan places the value@15 into the cell.Co When entering dollar amounts, do not include the dollar sign ($).C>If you wish Multiplan to display a dollar sign, use the FORMAT>CELLS command to format the display as dollars.Co Also see the VALUE Command, or press F for help about FORMULAS.C
ENTERING TEXT

_____________
<o You can enter text (or labels) in cells.  These labels can<:be the months of the year (January, February, etc), or the:<titles of the appropriate columns and rows (Sales, Tax) etc.<:o If you are in Command mode, make sure to select ALPHA by:;pressing A before entering your text.  If you are in DATA;AENTRY mode, Multiplan assumes that you are entering text wheneverAyou press a letter.=o If you want to enter a number as text, make sure you select=7ALPHA first, otherwise Multiplan will think you wish to7enter a number.CREATING HEADINGS_________________Ao Perhaps the first thing you will want to do with your worksheetA;is to put headings (or labels) on your columns andor rows.;Bo We suggest that you select Data Entry Mode (f1) whenever you areBentering a lot of text.?o When you are in ALPHA mode, Multiplan highlights the width of?@cell the text will go into.  You can type in text wider than the@Awidth of the column.  Multiplan will not lose it.  Use the FORMATAAWIDTH command to make the cell wider and your text will reappear.ADo You can also format several cells as CONTINUOUS.  This allows textD@to flow between column.  Try this:  position the cursor to r1c1.@?Type in the label WORKSHEET FOR YEAR ENDING 1982. Press RETURN.?ASelect the FORMAT Command and format the entire row as continuousA(F, C, r1, TAB, TAB, C, RETURN).)USING FORMULAS AND MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS))_________________________________________)Do Multiplan has many builtin functions which are useful in creatingDyour worksheet.;o You may for example wish to total up the values in a row.;6You could do so by adding each cell individually (i.e.69r1c1+r1c2+r1c3 ....).  Such formula may become very long.9<Multiplan provides you with the SUM function.  To total up<+the cells within a row simply use: sum(r1).+?o WARNING:  Make sure that you do not accidently insert a space?6between the function name and the parenthesis.  If you67do so, Multiplan will not recognize the function and it7will reject the formula.Co Press F to obtain the list of functions available in Multiplan.C
REFERENCES

__________
?o When you are building a formula, you will frequently refer to?9another cell on the sheet (this is called a reference).97Suppose you wish to place the formula in r2c1 computing7?the sales tax of the amount in r1c1.  To do so, type 6.5*r1c1.?AMultiplan computes the amount and places it in r2c1.  Within thisAformula, you have made a reference to r1c1.?o Multiplan has two types of references: RELATIVE and ABSOLUTE.?BRELATIVE references describe a cell according to its position fromB@the current cell.  In the above example, r1c1 is r[1]c from the@Aactive cell (r2c1).  The advantage of relative references is thatA>you can COPY the formula to other cells.  For example, you can>=copy this formula right 11 columns (for the next 11 months of=Athe year).  The formula computes that sales tax (6.5) of the rowA	above it.	REFERENCES (cont).__________________Ao Had you used the ABSOLUTE reference (r1c1) in your formula, theADcopy command would have copied this exact formula to the 11 columns.D@Each one of them would have calculated the sales tax of r1c1 and@Anot the row above it  Clearly this is not what you wanted to do.AAo If you use, the cursor keys in building your formula, MultiplanA,automatically generates RELATIVE references.,@o You may, at times, actually want to use an ABSOLUTE reference.@AFor example, let us say that you define a cell to be the discountAErate.  This value is contained in a specific cell and you DO NOT wishE;that Multiplan adjust this reference whenever it copies the;:formula.  To use an ABSOLUTE reference, either type in the:Aactual cell coordinates or point to the cell (using the directionABkeys) and press the REFERENCE key (f2).  Multiplan will makes thisBan ABSOLUTE reference.REFERENCES (cont).__________________Do You will find that it is considerably quicker to use the directionD>keys when making a reference to another cell.  In addition, it>@is less likely that you get erroneous results because you made a@typing mistake.<o Press F (for FORMULAS) for more information on using them.<CHANGING THE FORMAT OF NUMBERS______________________________Co At first, Multiplan formats the cells as GENERAL format with eachCcell 10 characters wide.Bo If you are dealing with MONETARY amounts, you may wish to formatBAthe cells differently.  In addition, the width of the cell may beAtoo narrow or wide.Bo It is best to begin by changing the default setting of the cellsBto suit your application.>o Use FORMAT DEFAULT CELLS to change alignment and formatting.><o Use FORMAT DEFAULT WIDTH to change the width of each cell.<?o Use FORMAT OPTIONS if you wish commas in number (i.e. 1,000).?REPLICATING DATA AND FORMULAS_____________________________=o Quite often, you may wish to duplicate a formula to several=other cells.  For example:1              2          3          4+1   Q1             Q2         Q3         Q4+2,3  1000           2000       2400       7300,4  R[1]C*.065<o In the example above, r4c1 contains the formula to compute<=the sales tax of the value above it.  You may wish to use the=same formula in the cells r4c2, r4c3, and r4c4.?o Use the COPY RIGHT command to copy the formula right 3 cells.?<o Use COPY DOWN to copy formulas down from the current cell.<Ao Use COPY FROM when copying a formula to an area (you could haveA+also used COPY FROM: r4c1  to cells: r4c2:4+DEFINING AND USING NAMES_________________________?o Multiplan allows you to give a name to any area on the sheet.?<This feature is useful when you are referencing an area of a<;sheet in several formulas.  Once you have defined the name,;you can use it in each formula.<o Cells from which you wish to export values to other sheets<:may be named.  The cells can then be accessed by the name.:Ao Multiplan will suggest a name if appropriate.  Suppose you haveA>just entered the text Sales at r3c1.  If you then select the>Ename command, Multiplan proposes the name Sales.  Do note, however,EAthat the label and the name are not related in any way.  ChangingABeither the name or the label does not affect the other.  MultiplanB@simply tries to help you by trying to guess what you want to do.@USING DATA FROM INACTIVE SHEETS_______________________________Ao As you become more comfortable with Multiplan, you will produceA@more complex sheets.  You may want to relate them to each other.@$o Briefly, here is what you must do:$<o You may use the NAME command to define the cells which you<wish to export to the other sheet.=o You import these values by using the eXternal Copy command.=>o The eXternal Copy command allows you to copy the value once,>>if you specify the linked option as NO, or to permanently link>;the sheets.  If sheets are permanently linked, changing the;@value on the supporting sheet updates the value on the depending@sheet.,o See Xternal Commands for more information.,)SAVING AND LOADING SHEETS FROM DISK FILES))_________________________________________)>o You will usually want to make a permanent copy of your sheet>'on disk to refer to it at a later date.'<o The TRANSFER Command allows you to save, load, delete, and<rename sheets.;o Multiplan understands three types of disk files:  Normal,;8Symbolic, and Other (VisiCalc) files.  Use the TRANSFER88OPTION to select the type of file which you wish to use.89Be aware, that when in Symbolic Mode, Multiplan will only9;show you a directory of Symbolic files.  You can have files;>of different types which have the same name, because Multiplan>adds a suffix to the actual file name.Do Multiplan considers print files as OTHER files.  You can thereforeD<delete old copies of print files by selecting OTHER, and use<the TRANSFER DELETE command.LISTING FILES ON DISK_____________________Bo Multiplan has a facility to give you a directory of the files onBdisk.Eo When using either the TRANSFER LOAD or TRANSFER DELETE command, youEBcan call up a list of all the files which are on your directory byBpressing the arrow key.EDITING_______Do The editing commands give you an easy way of changing the contentsD=of a cell without having to retype the data.  You can use the=>editing commands any time you are entering or changing values,>text, andor formulas.9o The proposed response is the text which is highlighted.9)If you need to        Here is what you do))______________        ___________________)GDelete proposed     Just type the replacement.  Multiplan automaticallyG@response            deletes the proposed response (highlighted).@CAppend to proposed  To expand proposed cell references, just type aCEresponse            colon (:) or other operator.  In other instances,E1press the Character or Word right key and type in1the rest of the text.EDITING (cont)._______________CInsert new text     Type the text.  It will be inserted in front ofC.the highlighted cursor.  Use the f9 and f10 to.move the cursor before typing.)If you need to        Here is what you do))______________        ___________________)CDelete some text    Use backspace to delete in front of the cursor.C1Use the delete key to delete what is highlighted.1AReplace some text   Just delete the old text and type in the new.A7Move highlight      Use CharacterWord LeftRight keys.7FORMULAS________AMultiplan allows you to type in formulas or equations into cells.AAFormulas are recipes for producing values.  Multiplan accepts anyAalgebraic equation.?Formulas are made by combining values (text andor numbers) and?>references to other cells with arithmetic operations and other>
functions.
?You can refer to any cell on the sheet by providing its row and?@column number.  The cell at row 5 column 5 is refered to as r5c5@?or c5r5.  You can refer to multiple cells by inserting a colon.?<For example, you can refer the first five cells in row 1 as:<1r1c1:r1c5     row 1 column 1 TO row 1 column 51or'r1c1:5         row 1 columns 1 TO 5.'FORMULAS (cont).________________You can reverse these to: c1r1:c5r1 and c1:5r1.<Multiplan has two kind of references: ABSOLUTE and RELATIVE.<;ABSOLUTE reference are names which point to an absolute row;>and column number and are used to refer to particular cells or>>groups of cells.  Absolute references may be entered expressly>:(i.e. r1c1) or by using the direction keys followed by the:REFERENCE key (f2).RnCm      (e.g., R2C3) refers to a single cell.6Rn        (e.g., R1) refers to all the cells in row n.69Cn        (e.g., C1) refers to all the cells in column n.9CRn:m      (e.g., R1:5) refers to all the cells in rows n through m.CFCn:m      (e.g., C1:5) refers to all the cells in columns n through m.F@CjRk:l    (e.g., C1R1:5) refers to the cells in rows k through l@and in column l.CRjCk:RnCm (e.g., R1C1:R5C5) refers to the cells which are containedCin the specified rectangle.FORMULAS (cont).________________BA RELATIVE reference refers to a cell relative to the active cell.B@Using a relative reference, you can refer to a cell as the cell@Bin the row above.  These can be entered using the direction keys.B:R[n]    refers to the cells n rows above the active cell.::R[+n]    refers to the cells n rows below the active cell.:FC[n]    refers to the cells n columns to the left of the active cell.FGC[+n]    refers to the cells n columns to the right of the active cell.G<R        refers to the cells in the current row (Also R[0]).<?C        refers to the cells in the current column (Also C[0]).?These references can be combined.  For example:1R[1]C      refers to the cell immediately above.1+R[4]:[1]C refers to the 4 cells above me.+NAMES_____@Names may be defined to be any absolute reference (with the Name@	command).	>A name may be used anywhere an absolute reference can be used.>@Names must start with a letter and may contain up to 31 letters,@*digits, periods, and underline characters.*+Names may be entered by typing in the name.+?You can also type in a name by pressing the REFERENCE key (f2),?@and using the direction keys to step through the list of defined@names.	OPERATORS		_________	:o Multiplan recognizes the following arithmetic operators::+    Adds two numbers.    Subtracts two numbers.*    Multiplies two numbers.    Divides two numbers.0^    Raises a number to the power of.  5^2 = 25.0    per cent, same as 100.o String Operators>    Concatenates text.  The formula $1.00 equals $1.00>OPERATORS (cont)._________________4o Logical Operations (Used to compare numbers only)4<    Less than<=   Less than or equal to.=    Equals.>=   Greater than or equal to.>    Greater than.<>   Not equal to.Ao Operators require single values as operands.  If presented withA=a vector (for example R1), it is automatically intersected by=4the current row and column to obtain a single value.4Ao For example, if you are typing in a formula in R3C1, and key inA?r1+r2; Multiplan gives you the sum of r1c1+r2c1.  To add entire?(rows, use the SUM function  (see below).(ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS____________________<o Multiplan has several builtin functions available to you:<ABS(n)          Absolute value of the number n.AVERAGE(list)   SUM(list)COUNT(list).CCOUNT(list)     Number of values (blank cells or text not included)C*that are given explicitly or by reference.*EXP(n)          'e' to the power n.GINT(n)          The integer portion of the number n truncated toward 0.G*LN(n)           The base e logarithm of n.*+LOG10(n)        The base 10 logarithm of n.+.MAX(list)       The maximum value of the list...MIN(list)       The minimum value of the list..2MOD(n,m)        The remainder of the division nm.2.ROUND(n,m)      N rounded to m decimal places..SQRT(n)         The square root of n.5STDEV(list)     The standard deviation of the values.5$SUM(list)       The sum of the list.$FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS___________________BNPV(d,list)     The NET PRESENT VALUE of the cash flow representedB)by the values.  d is the discount rate.)6INDEX(vector,n) Returns the nth element in the vector.6?INDEX(area,n,m) Returns the value in the nth row and mth column?of the rectangular area.?LOOKUP(n, area) If the area is higher than wide, n is looked up?3in the first column of the area.  If n is less than30the first cell in the first row, NA is returned.01Otherwise, Multiplan scans for the first row that13in the first column contains a number less or equal31to n.  The result is the value of the last column1in that row.For areas wider than high, the rows and columnsare interchanged.TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS_______________________;ATAN(n)         Arctangent of n yields an angle in radians.;1COS(n)          Cosine of the angle n in radians.1SIN(n)          Sine of the angle n in radians.2TAN(n)          The tangent of angle n in radians.2PI()            The value of pi (3.1416....).'ASIN(n)         Use ATAN(n(1n^2)^0.5)'.ACOS(n)         Use PI()2ATAN(n(1n^2)^0.5).9To convert degrees to radians: radians = degrees180*PI()9LOGICAL FUNCTIONS_________________>These functions return true or false.  They are useful to flag>items with strings.  For example:IF(debits>credits,OVERDRAWN,creditsdebits)BAND(list)       True if and only if all values are TRUE, otherwiseBFALSE.(FALSE()         The logical value false.(<IF(f,a,b)       Returns a if f is True, otherwise returns b.<4ISERROR(n)      Returns True if n is an error value.41ISNA(n)         Returns True if n is an NA value.1*NOT(f)          Returns the opposite of f.*>OR(list)        True if any values are TRUE, otherwise returns>FALSE.'TRUE()          The logical value true.'STRING FUNCTIONS________________EDOLLAR(n)       The value n is returned as a text string in $ format.EAFIXED(n,m)      The value n is returned as a text string in FIXEDA0format with m decimals.  If m = 0, the string is0returned in INT format.BLEN(s)          Returns the number of characters in text string s.B>MID(s,n,m)      Returns the characters of string s starting at>position n for the length of m.1REPT(s,n)       The string s is repeated n times.1CVALUE(s)        The value of the text string s is returned.  s mustCcontain a numeric constant.MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS_______________________2COLUMN()        Returns the current column number.2ADELTA()         Returns the max value changes between iterations.A0ITERCNT()       Returns the count of iterations.07NA()            Returns the NA (not available) value.7ROW()           Returns the current row number.<SIGN(n)         Returns 1 if n<0, 0 if n=0, or otherwise 1.<COMMAND OVERVIEW_______________>The Multiplan worksheet consists of a grid of up to 63 columns><in width and 255 rows in length.  The screen has one or more<Awindows to the worksheet, and an area showing command, message,Aand status lines.CThe message line suggests the action to be taken or explains errorsCwhen they occur.@The status line displays the coordinates of the active cell, its@Bcontents, the percentage of storage remaining, and the name of theB
worksheet.
>There is a highlighted cell that can be moved around using the>Carrow keys.  The same keys are also used for scrolling the contentsCof the windows.THE ALPHA COMMAND_________________5o The ALPHA command allows you to enter and edit text5such as (January, February, etc).:o Any characters, except double quotes (), may be entered:
in a cell.
=o Multiplan remembers the actual text you enter. If you enter==a string which is wider than the cell, you can use the FORMAT='WIDTH command to extend the cell width.'8o You can also use Continuous Formatting (see FORMAT) to8 extend text over multiple cells. 7o Use DATA ENTRY Mode (f1) when entering a lot of text.7THE BLANK COMMAND_________________o Blanks out the contents of specified cell(s).8o You can blank out one cell by simply moving the cursor85keys to the cell.  (Multiplan automatically picks the5active cell as the proposed response).5o You may blank out an entire row or column by keying54in the row or column (example: r1 blanks out row 1).4<o You can blank out a list of cells (e.g. r1c1, r1c2) blanks<>out the cell at row 1 column 1 and the cell at row 1 column 2.>=o You can blank out a range of cells (e.g. r1c1:10) for cells=1 through 10 on the first row.*o You can blank out an area (r1c1:r10c10).*THE COPY COMMAND________________8o Allows you to duplicate the contents of a cell and its8formatting information to other cells.o You can use COPY 3 ways:7o COPY RIGHT copies an individual cell or single column7across a specified row.3o COPY DOWN copies an individual cell or single row3down a specified column.5o COPY FROM copies the contents of cell(s) to another5location on the sheet.3o Remember that COPY duplicates the FORMULA and the3FORMATTING information.o You cannot COPY into a LOCKED cell.6o You cannot COPY from a cell filled by eXternal COPY.6
COPY RIGHT

__________
;o COPY RIGHT duplicates the contents of a cell to the right;of the active cell.o The format of COPY RIGHT is:6COPY RIGHT number of cells: _____  starting at: ______6:o COPY RIGHT is useful if you are creating a row of totals:9from the values above the line.  For example, suppose you97wish to total items on a monthbymonth basis.  You can7<arrange your formulas for January and copy them to the other<
11 months.
COPY RIGHT (cont).__________________;o Multiplan automatically picks responses for you according;:to what you did when you copied before and the position of:9the cursor on the sheet.  If you previously had copied 1197cells to the right, Multiplan picks 11 as the number of7cells you wish to copy to.           7o You can  also specify a column or portion of a column7:which you would like to copy right.  In this case, all you:7need to do is specify the area you wish to copy in the 7starting at field.	COPY DOWN		_________	6o COPY DOWN duplicates the contents of a cell down the6column.o The format of COPY DOWN is:5COPY DOWN number of cells: _______ starting at: _____57o COPY DOWN is useful when computing row totals and you7wish to duplicate the formula along a column.
o EXAMPLE:
1        2        31   20        3.752   40        2.503   62        1.753o Suppose you define cell R1C3 to be RC[1]*RC[2].3COPY DOWN (cont)._________________7o You can use the COPY DOWN command to copy the formula72in R1C3 to the two other cells in the column (i.e.2R2C3 and R3C3) instead of retyping the formula.?COPY DOWN number of cells: ___________ starting at: ___________?;o The number of cells field tells Multiplan how many copies;3of the cell you wish to make below the source cell.3;o For example, if you wish to make a table with 10 entries,;9you would fill in the contents of the cell.  Then use the99COPY DOWN command to copy the contents DOWN 9 times for a9total of 10 entries.9o The 'starting at' field is the source of the copy.  The97COPY DOWN command tells MULTIPLAN to make 'n' copies of7
that cell.
8o You can also specify a row or a portion of a row which88you would like to copy down.  In this case, all you need80to do is specify the area which you wish to copy08(i.e. r1c2:10) would make copies of columns 2 through 108on rows 2, 3, etc.	COPY FROM		_________	:o COPY FROM allows you to copy the contents of one or many:5cells to one or several cells elsewhere on the sheet.5o The target cells can be:o one cell               RnCmo a row or column        Rn or Cno a range of cells       Rj:kCno an area (box)          RjCn:RkCm)o a list of cells        R1C1,R2C4,R4C1:5)THE DELETE COMMAND__________________5o The DELETE command deletes all or parts of rows and5columns.7o IF YOU WISH TO CLEAR A CELL, YOU SHOULD USE THE BLANK7COMMAND.o You can either
o DELETE ROWS
o DELETE COLUMNS9o The DELETE command automatically adjusts references for96you.  For example, if you delete row 1, any references6,to row 2 are automatically changed to row 1.,THE DELETE ROWS COMMAND_______________________:o The DELETE ROWS command allows you to remove unnecessary:rows from your sheet..o To delete the active row, just press RETURN..<o Multiplan automatically makes adjustments in your formulas<5taking into account the fact that some cells may have5changed places.=o If all the cells to which a name refers to are deleted, the=name is forgotten.:o WARNING: ONCE YOU DELETE A ROW THE DATA IS LOST FOREVER.:<o Of course, you may retrieve it from a sheet stored on disk<but, be carefulTHE DELETE COLUMNS COMMAND__________________________=o The DELETE COLUMNS command allows you to remove unnecessary=columns from your sheet.;o To delete the active column (where your cell pointer is),;
press RETURN.
<o Multiplan automatically makes adjustments in your formulas<5taking into account the fact that some cells may have5changed places.:o If all the cells to which a name refers are deleted, the:name is forgotten.=o WARNING: ONCE YOU DELETE A COLUMN THE DATA IS LOST FOREVER.=<o Of course, you may retrieve it from a sheet stored on disk<but, be carefulTHE EDIT COMMAND________________>o The EDIT Command allows you to change the contents of a cell>without having to retype it.Ao The EDIT Command first shows you what is currently in the cell.A=You can use the CHARACTER LEFTRIGHT and WORD LEFTRIGHT keys==to select portions of the text which you may wish to replace.=6o Press E to get more information on editing fields.6THE FORMAT COMAND_________________,o The FORMAT command presents three choices:,5o FORMAT CELLS to change the format of one or a group5	of cells.	7o FORMAT WIDTH to change the width of one or a group of7columns.8o FORMAT DEFAULT to change the default (standard) format8
of the cells.
FORMAT CELLS____________3o The FORMAT CELLS command allows you to change the3(representation of the data in the cells.(3o The FORMAT CELLS command allows you to change the3representation in up to three ways:o You can change the ALIGNMENT within the cell.(o You can change the FORMAT of the cell.(+o For numbers, you can change the number of+,digits displayed to the right of the decimal,point.ALIGNMENT IN FORMATTING_______________________(o You can choose 4 different alignments:(6o Standard (Text leftaligned, numbers rightaligned).6o Left Justified123            abcde12345        ao Right Justified123        abcde12345            a
o Centered
123        abcde12345         a9o You can also choose to align the cells according to the9default setting (see FORMAT DEFAULT).ALIGNMENT IN FORMATTING (cont)._______________________________5o You can choose to leave the current cell alignment.5<(This mode is useful when you wish to change the format code<9in an area without disturbing specific cell alignment(s).9FORMAT CODES____________)You can choose from the following format:)8$    Number displayed as dollars and cents.     $217.3184Int  Number rounded to whole number.            21746Fix  Number with fixed  of decimals.           217.366    Number displayed as percentage.            2.176?*    Number displayed as bar chart.             **************?:Exp  Number displayd in scientific notation.    2.1731E02:+Gen  Numbers displayed in most appropriate+0form.                                     217.310Cont Text can span multiple columns. Numbers0displayed in general form.                217.310)Def  Numberstext displayed according to)0default formatting choices.               217.310    Use this code when changing the alignment$code of a group of cells but not the$
format codes.
 OF DECIMALS IN FORMATTING___________________________7o This field is used in the Fix, Exp, $, and  formats.76o It is used to specify the number of digits following6the decimal point.The FORMAT WIDTH Command________________________,o Allows you to change the width of columns.,7o The width of a column can be from 3 to 32 characters.7o The default width is 10 characters.<o Text wider than the column is cut off at the edge, but all<;the text is preserved.  To see more text, you can widen the;>column or use Format Cells (Continuous Format Code, 3rd field)>>to run text into the next column.  Make sure to format all the>cells where you want the text to show9o Numbers too wide to be displayed are indicated by s9Widen the columns to display the entire number.PARAMETERS TO THE FORMAT WIDTH COMMAND______________________________________2o Width of column in characters.  You can specify:2:o D to use the default width (See Format Default Width).:<o A number from 3 to 32 to indicate the number of characters<you wish the column to be.o Range of columns to be changed.6o Specify the starting and ending column numbers to be6changed.THE FORMAT DEFAULT COMMAND__________________________o Multiplan has default settings for:o The width of columns. o The alignment within a column. o The format of values.Bo You can change these default settings to better suit your needs.B;o For example, you may wish to have all values displayed as;,dollars; or columns to be 6 characters wide., o Use FORMAT DEFAULT as follows: 7o FORMAT DEFAULT WIDTH to change standard column sizes.7=o FORMAT DEFAULT CELLS to change alignment andor formatting.= THE FORMAT DEFAULT WIDTH COMMAND  ________________________________ 6o Changes Multiplan's default or standard column size.6,o You can specify a number between 3 and 32.,*o Multiplan picks a width of 10 initially.*9o To change the width of only one or two columns, use the9FORMAT WIDTH command instead.THE FORMAT DEFAULT CELLS________________________9o Changes the default alignment and formatting attributes9:of all cells whose alignment and formatting codes are Def.:<o Specify the alignment and formatting which is best for the<type of sheet you are building.THE FORMAT OPTIONS COMMAND__________________________Ao The FORMAT OPTIONS command allows you certain screen formattingAoptions.  These are:5o Commas    Whether commas are displayed every third5digit when Multiplan displays numbers.Applies to cells that have Fix, Int, $,or  format settings.9o Formulas  Whether the formulas themselves are shown as90opposed to the numerical values of the formulas.0$This is useful for debugging sheets.$0All field widths are doubled when this option is0	selected.	8o 80132    On B 22 workstations, whether the screen is880 or 132 columns wide.+The ZOOM key (f8), and CODEz have the same+effect.GRAPHING WITH MULTIPLAN_______________________=o Multiplan can be used with the Business Graphics Package to=:produce graphs of data selected from the sheet.  Note that:;this package requires the optional graphics hardware on the;workstation.9o Multiplan can be used to produce three types of graphs:9o PIE CHARTS
o LINE CHARTS
o BAR CHARTSGRAPHING LINE CHARTS____________________?o Line graphs are the most common graphs used.  They are useful?in demonstrating trends over time.=o Multiplan needs two lists of cells to define the line(s) to=?graph.  These lists must be paired since each point consists of?an X and Y value.Ao If the X Values are alpha cells, Multiplan converts these cellsAinto an index starting from 0 for BGP.X CELLS IN LINE CHARTS______________________Co This field selects the list of cells to be used as X Values.  THECCFIRST CELL IN THIS LIST IS USED AS THE XAXIS LABEL AND IS NOT USEDCAS DATABo Specify the list of cells to be used as XValues.   For example:B6o R3C1:7 uses R3C1 as the XAxis label, and graphs the66 other cells along the XAxis.:o R5C1:4,R5C7:9 uses R5C1 as the label for the XAxis, and:$the cells from R5C2:4 and R5C7:R5C9.$;o R3C1:7,R4C8:9 is invalid since all the cells are not from;the same row or column.Do You can specify alpha cells as XValues.  These are converted to aDnumeric index before being graphed.Y CELLS IN LINE CHARTS______________________Fo This field selects the cells to be used as Y Values.  THE FIRST CELLF@IN THE LIST IS USED AS THE NAME (LEGEND) OF THE LINE.  Multiplan@Aautomatically matches up the Y cells with the X cells so you needA=only specify the row or column where these cells are located.=$X Values:  R1C3:7     Y Values:   R2$2Multiplan automatically selects the matching cells2.in row 2 (i.e. the cells from columns 3 to 7)..Ao Multiple lines may be graphed by specifying multiple rows.  ForACexample, specifying R3,R5:6 produces a graph with 3 lines from rowsC3, 5, and 6.Do Y Values other than the first cell (which is used as a label) mustDbe numeric.YAXIS LABEL____________Co Enter the text to be supplied for the YAxis label.  This text isCplaced in the upper left corner of the graph.FORMAT FILE___________Ao The format file tells BGP how to display the graph.  It definesA@the crosshatching patterns in piebar graphs, specifies whether@.the graph is to be overlayed with a grid, etc..>o A standard format file is supplied for each chart type.  New>format files can be created using BGP.GRAPHING PIE CHARTS___________________>o Pie charts compare the selected cells by percentage.        >Fo Pie charts consist of a series of labels and values (up to a maximumFof 8 segments).
LABELSVALUES

_____________
Eo Each segment of the pie consists of a label and a value.  The labelECidentifies the segment, and the value defines how large the segmentC
should be.
Bo Labels can be either numbers or alphabetic cells, values must beBnumeric.Co In the Label field, specify the cells to be used as the labels ofCDthe  pie chart.  For example, R3C1:5 uses the first 5 cells in row 3DDas  labels of the pie chart. ALL OF THE LABELS MUST BE FROM THE SAMEDROW OR COLUMN.Do In the Values field, specify the cells which contain the values toD@be assigned to each segment.  These values must be from the same@.row or column, and they must match the labels..LABELSVALUES (cont)._____________________For example: Labels: R1C4:9        Values: R2 :graphs 6 segments using R1C4  R2C4 as a labelvalue pair,:R1C5  R2C5 ...Labels: R1C6:9  Values: R3C7:97is invalid since the values and labels do not match up.7GRAPHING BAR CHARTS___________________@o In order to graph a bar chart, you must provide Multiplan with@Btwo sets of cells: the bar chart GROUPS and the bar chart LEGENDS.B?o The GROUP BY field selects which cells are to be placed along?the X Axis.5o Suppose you select R2:4 in the GROUP BY field.  The54contents of R2C1, R3C1, and R4C1 are displayed along46the XAxis.  The values graphed depends on the LEGENDS60selected.  If the LEGENDS field contains C6, the0)values selected are R2C6, R3C6, and R4C6.)3o The LEGENDS field selects the names for each bar.3Bo The Data values are chosen at the intersection of the GROUPS andBLEGENDS.?o If GROUP BY selects rows (i.e. R4:7) then LEGENDS must select?5columns (i.e. C3:7) in order to form an intersection.5THE GROUP BY FIELD_________________=o The GROUP BY field selects the cells to be placed along the=XAxis.@o The GROUP BY field must form a line (i.e. R3C1,R5C3 is invalid@,since the cells are not in a straight line).,?o If you specify R3:R5, Multiplan uses the cells in R3C1, R4C1,?$and R5C1 as labels along the XAxis.$Bo The data values are chosen at the intersection of the GROUPS andBthe LEGENDS.THE LEGENDS FIELD_________________=o The LEGENDS field defines the cells to be used to name each=bar.>o This field must form a line (i.e. R3C1,R5C3 is invalid since>the cells are not in a straight line).?o If you specify C4:C6, Multiplan uses the cells in C4R1, C5R1,?C6R1 as names for each bar.
GRAPH OPTIONS
______________Do Allows you to change the title and whether the graph labels (text)D6are to be used from the sheet or from the format file.6Eo The Title field defaults to the name of the graph.  You can specifyE	any text.	@o The Use Labels field specifies whether the graph labels are to@>be used from Multiplan or from the format file.  Note that you>@must still specify valid LABELS for PIE and BAR CHARTS, and that@Bthe first cell in a LINE GRAPH is used as a label and not a value.BTHE JUMPTO COMMAND__________________7o Used to move the cell pointer quickly over the sheet.7o Using the JUMP command, you can:o JUMPTO a RowColumn.o JUMPTO a Name.o JUMPTO a Window.?o You can also use the NEXT PAGE, PREV PAGE keys to page up and?down through the sheet.THE INSERT COMMAND__________________>o The Insert command allows you to insert new rows and columns>into your sheet.?o Multiplan automatically adjusts references which are affected?<by the insertion.  For example, if cell R1C1 has the formula<9R2C2*2, and you insert a row before row 2, the formula is9automatically adjusted to R3C2*2.Bo The new columns and rows are obtained from the blank columns andB1rows to the right and at the bottom of the sheet.1Do Multiplan does not allow you, however, to push data off the sheet.DBIf you have data in column 60 and you attempt to insert 10 columnsBA(pushing the data in column 60 off the sheet), Multiplan displaysA?the ILLEGAL PARAMETER message to tell you that you are going to?
lose data.
THE LOCK COMMAND________________:o The LOCK command is useful to protect your formulas from:?unintentional modifications after you have built a spreadsheet.??o This is useful when you have built a model, and wish to enter?=data at a later time.  Not only are you assured that you only=>changed the cells which you intend to change, but you can also>=quickly move through the cells you must enter data into using=2the NEXT UNLOCKED FIELD key (f6) on your keyboard.2(o You can use the Lock Command two ways:(<o The LOCK CELLS command allows you to lock groups of cells.<>o The LOCK FORMULAS command allows you to lock all cells which>contain formulas or text.Bo NOTE that values imported from external sheets are automaticallyB>locked, and may be unlocked only by the eXternal Copy command.>THE LOCK COMMAND (cont).________________________?o The LOCK Command does not prohibit you from using the DELETE,?6COPY, MOVE, INSERT, XTERNAL, FORMAT and SORT commands.6THE LOCK CELLS COMMAND_______________________;o Used to protect specific cells from unintentional change.;o CELLS:5o Specify the cell or groups of cells to be locked or5	unlocked.	o Locked  Unlocked.=o Shows the current state (locked or unlocked) of the current=cell..o Select the new state of the specified cells..THE LOCK FORMULAS COMMAND_________________________;o If confirmed, all cells in the sheet that contain text or;equations are locked.:o This may be a convenient first step in locking important:6information in a sheet.  Use the LOCK CELLS command to69selectively unlock text strings, or lock cells containing9important values.<o You can unlock all or some of the cells locked by the LOCK<0FORMULA command by using the LOCK CELLS command.0THE MOVE COMMAND________________3o Allows you to move rows or columns from one point3to another.o You can use MOVE 2 ways:o MOVE ROW moves an entire row.o MOVE COLUMN moves an entire column.MOVE ROW
__________
5o MOVE ROW moves the contents of a row from one point5to another.8o references and names affected by the move are adjusted8accordingly.o The format of MOVE ROW is:MOVE ROW from row: _____  to before row: ______ of rows:_____o from row: the first row to be moved.1o to before row: the new location for moved rows.1,o  of rows: the number of rows to be moved.,MOVE COLUMN___________6o MOVE COLUMN moves columns from one point to another.68o references and names affected by the move are adjusted8accordingly.o The format of MOVE COLUMN is::MOVE COLUMN from column: ______ to left of column: ______ : of columns:______,o from column: the first column to be moved.,4o to left of column: new location for moved columns.41o from column: the number of columns to be moved.1THE NAME COMMAND________________=o The Name Command is useful in identifying one or a group of=cells.;o Once you have defined a name, you can use it in formulas,;for example, sum(totals).        >o You can also use the Name command to inspect the names which>you have already defined.THE NAME COMMAND 'name' field_____________________________o Name to be defined:o Names must start with a letter.;o Names can contain letters, digits, periods, and underline;characters.(o Names can be up to 31 characters long.(6o Example of names are SalesTotals, Tax, and NetPrice.61o Small or capital letters in names are the same.1=o You can also use the direction keys to review the names you=have already defined on the sheet.THE NAME COMMAND 'cells' field______________________________o Cell(s) that the name refers to:4o Enter the cell or individual cells which the names4
refers to:
>o For example, SalesTotals may refer to row 1; simply enter r1>5o Tax may refer to columns 6 to 12 of row 5; r5c6:12.5o Taxable Items may refer to a list of cells:r1c1,r2c2,r5c7,r6c1:9.@o To remove a name, enter the name in the first field, and leave@the second field blank.THE OPTIONS COMMAND___________________9o This command allows you to select Multiplan's features.9o RECALC Option6o Controls whether or not the contents of the sheet is67recalculated whenever a cell is changed.  If you have a75large sheet, you may wish to turn this option OFF and58press the RECALC key (f3) when you desire to update your8results.
o MUTE Option
7o Controls whether an audible alarm is sounded when you7make an error.:o WARNING: If you disable the alarm, the BTOS             ::status code will not be displayed when an operating system:9error is caused.  This may sometimes make it difficult to9diagnose the actual error$THE OPTIONS COMMAND Iteration Fields$$____________________________________$o ITERATION Option5o Calculates values from formulas forming a circle of59references.  While making new entries to worksheet select9No in the recalc field.o COMPLETION TEST Option8o The completion test cell provides a logical expression86which is tested after each iteration.  If the value is68TRUE, iteration stops.  This can be a single cell or the8name of a single cell.4o If this field is left blank, multiplan applies the4.formula DELTA()<0.001 as the convergence test..:o At any time the recalculation can be stopped by pressing:the CANCEL key.,THE OPTIONS COMMAND Iteration Fields (cont.),,____________________________________________,o Single SteppingBo It is sometimes useful to step through each pass of calculationsB:one at a time to see how your sheet is working, or how the:calculation is progressing.?o Stepping through a calculation can be accomplished by setting?=a cell to TRUE()and using this cell as the COMPLETION TEST AT=<cell.  To make a single step, press the F3 RECALC key.  Each<4press of the F3 key will do another pass through the4
calculations.
THE PRINT COMMAND_________________Go The PRINT Command allows you to print the contents of your worksheet.G o Multiplan allows you to print: o on a printer;o to a disk file;o to a .DEF file.Bo Also refer to the TRANSFER SAVE command if you wish to save yourB.sheet to disk to allow you to change it later..?o A printed copy of a sheet does not allow you to change values??and formulas; so don't assume that printing a sheet is the same?as saving it on disk.THE PRINT PRINTER COMMAND_________________________=o The PRINT PRINTER Command allows you to make a copy of your=worksheet on the printer.@o Multiplan assumes that your paper is 8 x 11.  As many columns@>are printed across the page as will fit.  Leftover columns are>printed on a new page.>o Refer to the PRINT MARGINS Command if you wish to change the>print width of your text.4o Refer to the PRINT OPTIONS Command if you wish to:4)o Selectively print an area of the sheet.)o Omit the row and column numbers.o Select a different printer name.THE PRINT EXCHANGE COMMAND__________________________,o Directs the printed output to a disk file.,=o Stores the printed output in Document Exchange Format (DEF)=;for transferring sheets to WriteOne or OW25 Word Processing;
applications.
THE PRINT FILE COMMAND______________________Ao Directs the printed output to a disk file instead of a printer.A>However, the volume name and directory will not default to the>(path set in the Transfer Option command.(Bo If a file of the same name exists, Multiplan will ask permissionBto replace it.3o Refer to the PRINT MARGINS to set output margins.3@o Refer to the PRINT OPTIONS command to print selective areas of@the sheet, or to omit row and column numbers.THE PRINT MARGINS COMMAND__________________________9o Used to set the page dimensions for the printed output.9Ao After you press the RETURN key, Multiplan automatically selectsA8the PRINT command in anticipation of a PRINT PRINTER, or8PRINT FILE command.3o Multiplan's default margins is for 8 x 11 paper.3THE LEFT MARGIN AND PRINT WIDTH_______________________________<o The LEFT MARGIN and PRINT WIDTH fields are given as number<of characters.o Most printers print 10 characters per inch.+o The defaults set the print dimensions as:+LEFT MARGIN:      inch.TEXT:             7 inches.RIGHT MARGIN:    1 inches.:o Using the default column width of 10 characters, you are:+therefore able to print 6 columns per page.+o You can print more columns across by3changing the width of columns (see FORMAT WIDTH and3+FORMAT DEFAULT WIDTH), and the print width.+THE TOP MARGIN AND PRINT LENGTH ________________________________ :o  The TOP MARGIN and PRINT LENGTH fields are given as the:number of lines.0o  Most printers print 6 lines of text per inch.0,o  The default set for print dimensions are:,TOP MARGIN:      1 inch.TEXT PORTION:    9 inches.8o  Using these defaults, you can print 54 rows per page.89o  The sum of the TOP MARGIN, and the PRINT LENGTH fields9cannot exceed the PAGE LENGTH.THE PAGE LENGTH________________9o The PAGE LENGTH defines the size of the paper in lines.9+o The default (66) indicates 11 inch paper.+<o This field should only be changed for different size paper<<since Multiplan uses this parameter to select the top of the<:next page when it is printing the sheet on multiple pages.:The PRINT OPTIONS COMMAND_________________________o These options allow you too Print parts of worksheets.o Select a different printer.o Suppress row and column numbers.:o Obtain a printout of the formulas instead of the values.:THE PRINT OPTIONS COMMAND_________________________?o The AREA field allows to print a portion of the sheet instead?of the entire sheet.=o You must provide a rectangular area which you wish to print=o r1:10    (print row1 to 10).7o r1:10C1:5 (print columns 1 to 5 of row 1 through 10).7o c2 (print column 2).o You cannot say:=o r1:10,r15:20 (Multiplan will only print rows 1 through 10).=Ao If any rows are inserted before row 1, the AREA field should beA	modified.	THE PRINTER NAME________________<o Fill in this field if you wish to use a printer other than<Multiplan's default printer.<o The printers available to you depend on your installation;<9so contact your installation manager for the valid names.97o Blank out this field if you wish to use the standard,7or default, printer name.THE PRINT FORMULAS OPTION _________________________?o Select YES if you wish to obtain a printout of the formulas?((instead of the values of the formulas).(Bo The width of each column is automatically doubled on the printedBsheet to accommodate the longer text.THE PRINT ROWCOLUMNS OPTIONS_____________________________@o Multiplan normally prints row and column numbers on the sheet.@@o Select NO if you wish to omit row and column numbers in your@	printout.	THE QUIT COMMAND________________<o The Quit Command allows you to end your Multiplan session.<;o WARNING: The Quit Command does not save your active sheet;on disk<o Use the Transfer Save command to save the worksheet before<you exit Multiplan.THE SORT COMMAND________________<o You can sort any part of the worksheet using this command.<8o Sorting reorders the rows to produce the desired sort.8
o To Sort:
o Select the column to be used as the sort key.(o Select the range of rows to be sorted.(o Select ascending or descending sort.Do Warning:  Sorting exchanges the entire row (i.e. columns 1 to 63).DTHE SORT COMMAND (cont).________________________Fo The column to be sorted may contain numbers, text, and other values.F?Sorting collects the different types into the following groups:?o 1st  Numberso 2nd  Text (see below)o 3rd  Logical and error values.o 4th  Blank cells.0o Cells containing text are arranged as follows:0H  $   ' ( ) * + ,  .  09 : ; < = > ?  AZ [ \ ] ^ _  az { | } HTHE SORT FIELDS_______________o Sort by column:7o Specify the column number to be used as the sort key.79o To create multilevel sorts, sort on the last key first94and proceed backwards until all the keys are sorted.4=o Remember that the column number is only used as a key.  The=*entire row (columns 1 to 63) is reordered.* o Betweens rows: ____ and: _____ 6o Specifies the starting and ending rows for the sort.6
o Order < (>)
@o Selects the order of the sort ascending (>) or descending (<).@THE TRANSFER COMMAND____________________<o The Transfer Command allows you to load, save, delete, and<rename disk copies of your worksheet on disk.Bo The TRANSFER SAVE Command allows you to make a permanent copy ofByour worksheet.=o The TRANSFER LOAD Command allows you to load a sheet from a=7disk file.  This, of course, replaces the active sheet.7Co The TRANSFER DELETE Command deletes the disk copy of a worksheet.C?o The TRANSFER RENAME Command allows you to save your worksheet?=under a new name on disk.  The old disk copy of the worksheet=with the old name is deleted.THE TRANSFER COMMAND (cont.)____________________________>o The TRANSFER OPTIONS Command allows you to select which type>@of work sheet you wish to save, load, etc.  In addition, you can@@change the path (volume and directory name) that your sheets are@loaded from and saved to.Bo The TRANSFER CLEAR Command clears the active sheet, deleting allB
its contents.
THE TRANSFER CLEAR COMMAND__________________________;o Clears the active sheet to allow you to start over again.;=o Makes sure you really want to do so, by asking you to press=
Y to confirm.
>o Restores formatting and column widths to the initial default>	settings.	+o Sets the current sheet name back to TEMP.+THE TRANSFER DELETE COMMAND___________________________o Deletes files from the disk.?o Depending on the current OPTION (see Tranfer Option), you can?<use TRANSFER DELETE to delete worksheets, symbolic files, or<print files from your disk.<o If Normal Mode is selected, TRANSFER DELETE can be used to<delete worksheet files.:o If Symbolic Mode is selected, TRANSFER DELETE can delete:symbolic sheets on the disk.>o If Other Mode is selected, TRANSFER DELETE can delete either> VisiCalc files, or print files. THE TRANSFER LOAD COMMAND_________________________o Loads a worksheet from the disk.Ao You can use the direction keys to display the file directory onA:the screen, and select the file to load by pointing to it.:@o Special file formats (Symbolic, VisiCalcOther) can be loaded@;depending on the selection in the Transfer Options command.;>o If a NORMAL file is loaded, the new worksheet overwrites the>?one currently in memory.  If a special file format is selected,?;the worksheet is merged with the active (memory) worksheet.;?Make sure to use the TRANSFER CLEAR command, if you do not wish?;to merge the worksheets when you are using the special file;formats.THE TRANSFER SAVE COMMAND_________________________>o Saves a copy of the active worksheet on disk.  This copy can>)be loaded with the TRANSFER LOAD command.)Bo If a copy already exists on the disk, Multiplan prompts you withB=Overwrite existing file? to ask for confirmation to replace=the disk copy.Co Multiplan saves the old disk copy of the sheet as filenameold.C>o Work sheets can be saved in NORMAL mode or in SYMBOLIC mode.>=Saving sheets in SYMBOLIC mode is useful if you wish the data=?produced by MULTIPLAN in other programs.  However, sheets saved?6in MULTIPLAN are saved and loaded considerably faster.6Do Sheets cannot be saved in OTHER mode.  Attempting to do so resultsDin an ILLEGAL PARAMETER error.THE TRANSFER RENAME COMMAND___________________________5o Renames the active sheet to the new name specified.53o Updates references to the sheet on any supporting3or depending sheets.THE TRANSFER OPTIONS COMMAND____________________________6o Modifies the context of various TRANSFER operations.6Bo The MODE field selects the desired file format for the followingBALOADS and STORES.  This is important for data exchange with otherA	programs.	>o NORMAL mode    should be used to save worksheets to be used>by Multiplan only.Ao SYMBOLIC mode  should be used to load and save worksheets thatAare interchanged with other programs.>o OTHER mode     should be used to load VISICALC files.  You>0cannot save Multiplan files in VISICALC format.0;o The PATH field specifies the current volume and directory;settings for all Transfer commands.   VALUE______=o Can be used to enter a value or formula in the active cell.=9o Pressing RETURN, NEXT or GO executes the value command.9Do While entering a formula, the direction keys and the NEXT UNLOCKEDD;FIELD key (f6) behave differently depending on the context.;4If your formula is incomplete (e.g. 1+, or 5), then4Apressing these keys will insert the selected cell in the formula.A>For example, if you are entering a value in R1C1, and you have>Acurrently typed 1+, pressing the right arrow key causes MultiplanA to type 1+RC[+1] into the field. ?However, if your formula is complete (e.g. 1, or 5+RC[1]) then?=pressing the direction keys executes the command and moves to=1the appropriate new cell.                        1:To insert names in formulas, hold down (f2) while pressing:a direction key.
VALUE (cont).

_____________
3o The following simplifications are also available:33o Typing the following automatically selects VALUE:309, +, , , ., (, or =@o At the beginning of the formula and after entering an operator@>a relative reference can be entered just by pressing the arrow>2keys to move the highlight to the cell referenced.2Ao Press the REFERENCE key (f2), to change the cell reference fromARELATIVE (e.g. RC[+1]) to ABSOLUTE (e.g. R2C1).o Press F for more information on formulas.THE WINDOW COMMANDS___________________=o The WINDOW Commands allow you to subdivide your screen into=:windows which display different areas of your worksheet.:3o Multiplan allows you to have up to eight windows.3@o The WINDOW BORDER Command allows you to add or remove a border@around your sheet.@o The WINDOW CLOSE Command removes a window from the screen, and@,enlarges the window from which it was split.,Ao The WINDOW LINK Command links windows together for synchronizedA
scrolling.
?o The WINDOW SPLIT Command splits the screen into more windows.?THE WINDOW BORDER COMMAND__________________________?o The WINDOW Border Command adds or removes a border around the?windows.;o Borders make your sheet look more attractive, and make it;<easier to see separations when there are multiple windows on<the screen.?o Borders occupy character positions on the screen, however, so?8you can see less rows and columns displayed at one time.8THE WINDOW SPLIT HORIZONTAL COMMAND___________________________________Bo Splits the active window across the screen at the row indicated.B;o The new window may be linked with the original window for;synchronized horizontal scrolling.THE WINDOW SPLIT VERTICAL COMMAND_________________________________>o Splits the active window vertically at the column specified.>;o The new window may be linked with the original window for; synchronized vertical scrolling. THE WINDOW SPLIT TITLES COMMAND_______________________________@o This command is used to hold column titles andor row headings@in place while the cells are scrolled.;o Splits the active window into 2 or 4 windows which scroll;	together.	@o This command is useful for large sheets.  By splitting titles,@Ayou can keep column headings on the screen as you move throughoutA
the sheet.
THE WINDOW CLOSE COMMAND________________________=o This command removes the window from the screen and returns=0the space to the window from which is was split.08o You CANNOT close the last active window on the screen.8THE WINDOW LINK COMMAND_______________________8o This command allows you to set and break links between8windows.=o A link with another window indicates that both windows will=scroll together.>o You can only link windows which are adjacent.  The direction>2of the linking follows the direction of the split.2THE XTERNAL COMMAND___________________7o The Xternal Command allows you to reference data from72sheets you have previously created on disk (called2inactive sheets).o The Xternal Command has three subcommands:1o eXternal Copy which copies a value from another1sheet.0o eXternal List which lists the sheets which are00referenced by or have a reference to this sheet.03o eXternal Use which allows you to use an alternate3name for a supporting sheet.:o Press N for more information on the eXternal Commands.:THE EXTERNAL COPY COMMAND________________________0o Allows you to import values from other sheets.09o Unlike COPY, eXTERNAL COPY copies the VALUE and not the9formula.7o Cells which are initialized with eXTERNAL COPY can be7;permanently linked with the value from the other sheet.  If;.linked, the value in the cell is automatically.5updated when you change the value on the other sheet.5?o An unlinked eXTERNAL COPY makes a onetime copy of the value.?;Updating the value on the other sheet has no effect on this;sheet.EXTERNAL SHEET NAME___________________;o This refers to the name of sheet which contains the value;which you wish to copy.9o You can use the arrow keys to step through the names of99the sheets you have already used to copy values from them9;(these are called supporting sheets), or key in the sheet;name you wish to use.8o The sheet name must be the name of a Normal Mode file.8NAME TO COPY____________:o This field refers to the name which you gave to the area:which you wish to copy.TARGET AREA ON THE ACTIVE SHEET_______________________________7o Specify the area you wish to copy the information to.7>o Multiplan suggests the current location of the cell pointer.>9Use the direction keys to point to the start of the area.9:o If you wish to remove a reference to another sheet, type:9in the information in the first two fields, and blank out9this field.LINK OPTION___________9o Select the Link Option, if you wish a permanent link to98the supporting sheet.  If you have a permanent link, the8:cells will be updated whenever corresponding values on the:supporting sheet are changed.<o A cell which is linked to a supporting sheet is considered<:locked.  You can unlock it only by using the eXternal Copy:Command.9o Set the Link Option to NO, if you want a one time copy.9THE eXTERNAL LIST COMMAND________________________>o The eXternal List Command displays the relationships between>*the active worksheet and other worksheets.*6o Sheets supporting shows sheet names and possibly a6=substitute name for worksheets which support (export data to)=the active sheet.>o Sheets depending on lists filenames of sheets which depend>+on (import data from) the active worksheet.+=o Press any key to return to the display of the active sheet.=THE eXTERNAL USE COMMAND________________________;o Sets up a substitute (alias) name for a supporting sheet.;>o eXternal Use is useful when you redefine a supporting sheet.>;For example, you may have used the eXTERNAL COPY command to;9reference January's totals.  You can reference February's9;totals by redefining all references to January's sheet with;the eXternal Use command. THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION  ________________________________ f1             Data EntryCommand.5This key toggles between Data Entry and Command Mode.55In Command Mode, a command is invoked by pressing the51first letter of the command.  In Data Entry Mode,14typing a letter automatically selects Alpha Command.4$Use the  key, to start a command.$f2             Reference.3Use to change a Relative reference into an Absolute37reference.  Also used to step through the list of names7'when entering Formulas. (see Formulas).'f3             Recalc.6Recalculates all of the values on the worksheet.  This61is done automatically unless the Recalc Option is1turned off (see Options).(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________(f4             Home.Moves the cell pointer to row 1, column 1 (AlsoCODEup arrow).f5             End.3Moves the cell pointer to the last active cell (the3.last nonblanked cell) (Also CODEdown arrow)..f6             Next Unlocked3Moves the cell pointer to the Next Unlocked Cell in3the sheet.  (See Lock).f7             Change Window.7Moves the cell pointer to the next window on the sheet.7f8             Zoom.5On B22 workstations,  toggles the screen size from 805to 132 columns and vice versa. (Also CODEz).(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________(f9             Character Left.2When entering or editing data or text, selects the20character to the left of the cursor (Also MARK).0f10            Character Right.2When entering or editing data or text, selects the22character to the right of the cursor (Also BOUND).2CODEf9        Word Left.7When entering or editing data or text, selects the word7to the left of the cursor.CODEf10       Word Right.7When entering or editing data or text, selects the word7to the right of the cursor.(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________(NEXT PAGE      Page Down.)Moves the cell pointer down several rows.)PREV PAGE      Page Up.'Moves the cell pointer up several rows.'SCROLL UP      Page Right.7Moves the cell pointer several cells to the right (Also7CODEright arrow).SCROLL DOWN    Page Left.6Moves the cell pointer several cells to the left (Also6CODEleft arrow).4CANCEL         Cancels (or Aborts) the current menu.4DRETURNENTER   Selects the current function as selected by the menu.DGO(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________(DTAB            Moves to the next field in the menu.  If the menu hasD+only one field, selects the next menu item.+EBackspace      When editing, deletes the character before the cursor.E7When selecting items in a menu, press BACKSPACE selects7the previous item in the menu.FDELETE         When editing, deletes the character(s) under the cursorF(bright highlight).5right arrow    Moves the cell pointer right one cell.54left arrow     Moves the cell pointer left one cell.44down arrow     Moves the cell pointer down one cell.42up arrow       Moves the cell pointer up one cell.2(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________()HELP           Invokes the HELP function.)FINISH         Same as Quit.COPY           Same as Copy.MOVE           Same as Move.) under the cursorF(bright highlight).5right arrow    Moves the cell pointer right one cell.54left arrow     Moves the cell pointer left one cell.44down arrow     Moves the cell pointer down one cell.42up arrow       Moves the cell pointer up one cell.2(THE STANDARD KEYBOARD DEFINITION (cont.)((________________________________________()HELP           Invokes the HELP function.)FINISH         Same as Quit.COPY           Same as Copy.MOVE           Same as Move.