HELP  01   02   03   031 032 04   05   06   07   08   09   091 092 093 094 COMMANARGUMEAPPENDASSIGNBREAK BUILD CHANGECHECKCHOOSECLEAR CLOSE COLUMNCOMMENCOMPUTDEFINEDELETEDISPLADRAW  EDIT  ENTER EXIT  EXPANDFILLNFILLINFORMS GOTO  IF    INPUT INTERSJOIN  LABEL LIST  LOAD  MOVE  NEWPAGNEXT  OPEN  OUTPUTOWNER PACK  PASSWOPAUSE PRINT PROJECPROMPTQUIT  RBEDITRELOADREMOVERENAMEREPORTRETURNRULES RUN   SELECTSET   SET ERSET LOSET POSET VASET VESET WASHOW  SHOW ESORTEDSUBTRATABLESTALLY UNION UNLOADUSER  WHERE WHILE WRITE $RW1  $RW5  $RW01H$RW02H$RW03H$RW04H$RW05H$RW06H$RW07H$RW08H$RW09H$RW10HH:	K
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JSK@LMVOZPQRTUXYZ$RW11H$RW12H$RW13H$RW14H$RW15H$RW16H[V^,_Zce0HELP*   Help is available for the following database management tasks: .  @     1  Define a new databaseZ     2  Modify an existing database structurek     3  Add rows to a table      4  Look at table values, or information about table values     5  Modify values in a table      6  Create a new table from old tables      7  Look at and modify R:BASE status values     8  Manage database files     9  Build command files and R:BASE applications	  
   At the H> prompt below:9    Enter the task you would like help with (1 through 9)^    Enter COMMANDS to list the R:BASE commands with help available $    Enter an R:BASE command name to obtain help for a specific command.    Enter ARGUMENTS to list commonly used syntax arguments.ENDCDefine a new database      Help is available for the following commands and tasks:       COLUMNS      Enter column definitions($     DEFINE       Enter DEFINE mode to create a new or existing databaseH     OWNER        Specify an owner password for a databased     PASSWORDS    Enter user passwords for tables      RULES        Enter data validation rules for columns      TABLES       Enter table definitions        Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDCModify an existing database structure    Help is available for the following commands:     BUILD KEY       Designate a column as a key and build the index for0                   its values J   CHANGE COLUMN   Change a column definition o   DEFINE          Enter DEFINE mode for a new or existing database    DELETE KEY      Designate a column as nonkey and delete the index                    for its values    EXPAND          Add a column to a table    LIST            List different types of database definitions ($   REMOVE          Remove columns from a table, or an entire table from :                   a database [   RENAME          Rename a table, column, or owner password_  |   Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDC
Add rows to a table    There are two ways to add rows to a table:      1  The EDIT and ENTER commands add rows using the standard screen        format or a previously defined table form   2  The LOAD command adds rows in a freeform format   6   Enter the number of the topic you are interested in (1 or 2) at theC
   H> prompt below. HENDCYThe ENTER and EDIT commands t   Help is available for the following commands:x     EDIT      Use the standard screen editor or a table entry form to             add rows    ENTER     Use a stored data entry form to add rows $   FORMS     Define and store a data entry form so you can use the EDIT              and ENTER commands   5   Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.:ENDCF	LOAD Mode Commandsb     Help is available for the following commands:f  $  CHECKNOCHECK  Turn onoff data validation rule checking in LOAD mode   FILLNOFILL    Turn onoff automatic null fill in LOAD mode   LOAD           Enter LOAD mode to add rows from keyboard or from a file        Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDC
Look at table values'     Help is available for the following commands:+  Q     COMPUTE     Perform calculations on selected columns and display b                 the result      NEWPAGE     Send a formfeed character to the output device to clear                  the screen or start a new page      OUTPUT      Direct output to a file, printer, or screen     PRINT       Combine data and a report format to print a report      REPORTS     Define and save a report format9     SELECT      Look at rows and columns in a table^     TALLY       Count how many values in a column are identical ands                 display the result w       Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDCModify values in a table     Help is available for the following commands:        ASSIGN     Replace the values in a column with the value of                an expression      CHANGE     Replace the values in a column with another value >     DELETE     Delete selected rows from a table d     EDIT       Browse through rows, adding or modifying values, using                the standard R:BASE screen format or a table form      REMOVE     Remove an entire table from the database       Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDCCreate a new table from old tables     Help is available for the following commands:  ,$     APPEND       Add copies of rows that are in one table to the end of?                  another table e     INTERSECT    Generate a new table that contains the matching rows}                  from two existing tables     JOIN         Generate a new table that contains the rows from two                  existing tables whose common column values satisfy a                  comparison (EQ, NE, GT, GE, LT, LE) $     PROJECT      Generate a new table that contains all or a subset of                   the rows and columns in an existing table U     SUBTRACT     Generate a new table that contains nonmatching rowsm                  from two existing tables     UNION        Generate a new table by combining all the rows and                  columns of two existing tables       Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDC	Look at and modify R:BASE status values 	     Help is available for the following commands:	  	B  SET            Assign keyword and special character values	j  SET ERROR      Set error messages onoff and assign error variable name 	  SET LOCK       Sets locks for specified tables	  SET POINTER    Assign row pointer route numbers 	  SET VARIABLE   Assign variable names and data types 	  SET VERIFY     Specifies locking by ROW or COLUMN 	$  SHOW           Look at keyword, special character, and variable values	$  SHOW ERROR     Look at status and value of error variables	(  	F     Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.	KENDC	YManage database files 	u     Help is available for the following commands:	y  	     CLOSE      Close the currently open database 	     OPEN       Specify an R:BASE database to use 	     PACK       Consolidate the disk space used by a database 
     RELOAD     Reload database files to a new database 
($     UNLOAD     Unload data, structure, or both to a file for later use 
P                with R:BASE or for transfer to a system other than R:BASE 
T  
r     Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.
wENDC
Build command files and applications
     Help is available for the following functions: 
  
     1  R:BASE variable manipulation 
     2  Inputoutput 
     3  Control structures 
     4  RBEDIT, the R:BASE text editor 
  
     Enter a command type (1, 2, 3, or 4) at the H> prompt below. 
ENDC
7R:BASE variable manipulation
R   Help is available for the following commands:
V  
t  CLEAR           Delete one or more global variables 
  EDIT VARIABLE   Edit variable values using a data entry form
   ENTER VARIABLE  Enter variable values using a data entry form 
  SET ERROR       Set error messages onoff and assign error variable name  SET POINTER     Assign row pointer route numbers  SET VARIABLE    Assign variable names and data typesG  SHOW            Look at keyword, special character, and variable values i  SHOW ERROR      Look at status and value of error variables m     Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below.ENDCInputoutput     Help is available for the following commands:       CHOOSE     Display a stored menu and prompt for a choice      DISPLAY    Display a stored screen      DRAW       Display a variable form for data entry using variables0     FILLIN     Prompt for a global variableT     PAUSE      Freeze the display until a keyboard key is pressedj     WRITE      Display a message linen    Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below. ENDC	Control structures     Help is available for the following commands:       COMMENTS   Include a comment in a command file $     GOTO       Go to the command line immediately following a matching                 LABEL command 2     LABEL      Define a label location for use by GOTO T     IF         Begin a separation of cases control structure j     INPUT      Execute a command file     QUIT       Close all currently open command files     RETURN     Quit executing a command file and resume executing the                previous one     RUN        Execute a command file     WHILE      Begin a loop control structure    Enter your command choice at the H> prompt below. ENDCRBEDITC     RBEDIT is the R:BASE text editor.  For information on special editinge     keys used by RBEDIT, enter RBEDIT at the H> prompt below.jENDCR:BASE COMMANDS WITH HELP AVAILABLE    APPEND           DRAW           LABEL        PROMPT         SET VARIABLE    ASSIGN           EDIT           LIST         QUIT           SHOW 
   BREAK            ENTER          LOAD         RBEDIT         SHOW ERROR 
($   BUILD            EXIT           MOVE         RELOAD         SORTED BY
O$   CHANGE           EXPAND         NEWPAGE      REMOVE         SUBTRACT 
u   CHECKNOCHECK    FILLIN         NEXT         RENAME         TABLES 
   CHOOSE           FILLNOFILL    OPEN         REPORTS        TALLY
   CLEAR            FORMS          OWNER        RETURN         UNION
   CLOSE            GOTO           OUTPUT       RULES          UNLOAD 
   COLUMNS          HELP           PACK         RUN            USER 
   COMPUTE          IF             PASSWORDS    SELECT         WHERE
T   DEFINE           INPUT          PAUSE        SET            WHILE
y   DELETE           INTERSECT      PRINT        SET ERROR      WRITE
   DISPLAY          JOIN           PROJECT      SET POINTER 
  
  In H> mode, enter the command name for help. In other modes, enter
  the command HELP followed by the command name.ENDCCOMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 1) <    =                 Where no space is shown following an equal sign,a                      then no space precedes the equal sign.  Where                        an equal sign is shown with a space, then                        a matching space is on the opposite side.     chrname           A settable definition for special characters                      including: BLANK, DOLLAR, QUOTES, SEMI, PLUS,                       and COMMA.    chrpos            Character position within a variable7                      (see MOVE). \    cmdfile           A file containing R:BASE commands.  It has thev                      same format as filespec.    colname           Identifies the name of a column and may be 18                      characters long.  Instead of typing the column                       name, you can enter c where c is the item$                       number shown when the columns are listed. (1 =COMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 2) Z    collist           A list of column names or c.     condition         A comparison which defines specific rows to be$                      acted upon by a command. Syntax for conditions are                      shown with the WHERE syntax.    condlist          A list of up to 10 conditions that identify the                       rows to be referenced.  Used with WHERE, IF...THEN, )                      and WHILE...ENDWHILE. O    commandname       Used with HELP and PROMPT.  A command available s                      to either of these modes.  Not all commands                       have online HELP or PROMPT capability.     datatype          A valid R:BASE data type: DATE, DOLLAR, INTEGER,                      REAL, TEXT, or TIME.    dbspec            A database designation in the form [vol]<dir>dbname.    dbname            A 17 character database name.1 7COMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 3) [    elseblock        Commands to be executed if the IF condition w                      is not met (see IF...THEN).     filename.ext      A 18 character file name plus the optional                       13 character file extension .ext.    filespec          A unique CTOS file specification in the form                      [vol]<dir>filename.ext.     expression        An arithmetic formula or value, or concatenated 6                      terms (see ASSIGN). ]$    formname          Specifies the name of a table form and may be 18 s                      characters long.    keylist           One or more special key designators used to                        indicate when to exit from an application.                      These keys are specified as FINISH, RETURN,                       PREVPAGE and NEXTPAGE.1 COMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 4) <    keyword           An R:BASE function used to determine the R:BASE                       environment.  These include AUTOSKIP, BELL,                       CASE, CLEAR, DATE, ECHO, ESCAPE, LINES,                       MESSAGE, MULTI, NULL, REVERSE, RULES, SCRATCH,                      USER, and WIDTH.  See SET and SHOW.     labelname         The name with LABEL to indicate where to skip                       to when a GOTO is executed. ,    length            The number of characters for a TEXT datatypeD                      column or variable. h    listtype          LIST types are: DATABASES, TABLES, COLUMNS,                       RULES, FORMS, REPORTS, tblname.     logicalop         Any of the operators: EQ, NE, LT, LE, GT, or GE.    menuname          Specifies the name of a menu and may be 18                       characters long.    message           Message to be displayed on the screen.1 ;COMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 5) W    newdbspec         New database specification. |    n                Specifies a route number where n is 1, 2, or 3                       as determined by the SET POINTER command.     nchar             Number of characters (see MOVE).    paramlist         Parameter list.  A list of up to nine values                      to be passed to a command file.     password          A 18 character OWNER, read, or write password. I    procfile          A binary procedure file created by RCOMPILE.j    r                 An integer designating number of rows.     (row,column)      Multiplan row and column used with UNLOAD.    rptname           Specifies the name of a report and may be 18                       characters long.    scrnname          A defined table or variable form.     scrnrowscrncol   The terminal screen rows and columns. 1 ;COMMAND SYNTAX ARGUMENTS (SCREEN 6) _    tblname           Specifies the name of a table and may be 18u                      characters long.    thenblock        Commands to be executed if the IF condition                       is met (see IF...THEN).     value             A constant amount usually to be entered into                      a column or variable.     varformname       A 18 character variable form name. 2    varname           Specifies a variable name and may be 18H                      characters long.e    varlist           Specifies a list of variables.z    [vol]             A volume name.    =w                An equal sign followed by an integer that specifies                       the number of characters to display.$    whileblock       Commands to be executed if the WHILE condition is                       met (see WHILE...ENDWHILE).   ENDC,APPENDO    Use APPEND to copy rows from one table to the end of another.S  {   In the rows that are copied, the columns that are common to both tables$   contain values.  The columns that exist only in the second table are    filled with null values.   SYNTAX      APPEND tblname1 TO tblname2                                     WHERE condlist  ENDCASSIGN)    Use ASSIGN to set values for selected rows in a column equal J   to the value of a concatenation or arithmetic expression.N  q    Valid expression formats:  value op value, value op colname,    colname op value, colname op colname      Valid operators: +, , x, , or  for INTEGER, REAL, and DOLLAR                    + or  for DATE and TIME                    + or  for TEXT   )   Use a WHERE clause or row pointer to limit the number of rows selected.  3SYNTAXZ$      ASSIGN colname TO expression IN  tblname $                                                   WHERE condlist  $                                        n  ENDCBREAK $   Use BREAK in a command file to force an early exit from a WHILE loop.      BREAK is executed in an IF...ENDIF structure contained in a WHILE(     loop.  Processing continues with the command line immediatelyC     following the governing ENDWHILE statement.G  MSYNTAXV      BREAK [ENDCaBUILD    Use the BUILD command to change the definition of columns from    nonkey to key.  When you redefine a nonkey column as key, R:BASE    establishes a data location index for the existing data in the column.   SYNTAX      BUILD KEY FOR colname IN tblnameENDCCHANGE'   R:BASE uses two commands that contain the word CHANGE. +  S    Use CHANGE to change one or more values of a column in a single tableh     or in all tables in a database.$       To limit the change to a single table, include the table name in
        the command line. $       To limit the change to selected rows in the column, use a WHERE         clause or a rowpointer variable.       Use CHANGE COLUMN to change the name, data type, or length for a      column definition in a table.:       A column name is one to eight characters long.^       Data types are INTEGER, REAL, DOLLAR, DATE, TIME, or TEXT.       Use the length item for TEXT data types to specify a length         from 1 to 1500 characters.       The key designation item in a column definition cannot be changed         with CHANGE COLUMN.  See BUILD KEY or DELETE KEY. 1 SYNTAX   CHANGE colname TO value  WHERE condlist  H                             IN tblname                    k                              IN n o  s                                                         length  $   CHANGE COLUMN colname1 IN tblname TO  datatype $                                          colname2 $                                          colname2 datatype 2$                                                               length 7ENDCACHECKNOCHECK f   Use the CHECK command within LOAD mode (at an L>) to turn on rule   checking.  When rule checking is on, R:BASE checks input against    all existing data validation rules.     To turn off rule checking, use NOCHECK.  When rule checking is off,   R:BASE does not verify data entries with existing rules.   SYNTAX      CHECK         NOCHECK ENDCCHOOSE@   Use CHOOSE in a command file to display a row or columnwise menu.e   When the user selects a menu option, the selection is stored in a    global variable that can be referenced later in the program.   SYNTAX     CHOOSE varname FROM menuname                                     IN procfile ENDCCLEAR    Use CLEAR to remove one or all global variable definitions from    memory. The CLEAR command is typically used in a command file. $  E    Use the reserved word ALL to remove all global variableW     definitions from memory. [  {    To remove only one variable, specify a variable name.  SYNTAX              varname       CLEAR               ALL VARIABLES ENDCCLOSE    Use the CLOSE command to write any modifications of the currently open    database to disk and then close the database.  .   The EXIT or OPEN commands also close a currently open database.  Use the V   CLOSE command when the next database you want to open is on a different   floppy disk than the currently open database, or when you want to leave   the open database without opening another.   SYNTAX      CLOSE ENDCCOLUMNS    Use COLUMNS in the DEFINE mode (D> prompt) to enter new column    definitions.  A column definition always begins with a column name and (   a data type.  A length and key designation may also be included. ,  I     A column name is one to eight characters long.l      Data types are INTEGER, REAL, DOLLAR, DATE, TIME, or TEXT.     Use the length item for TEXT data types to specify a length       from 1 to 1500 characters.     Use the reserved word Key to build an index for the column data.  SYNTAX      COLUMNS         colname datatype                           length   key  ENDC'COMMENTSM   Use a comment in a command file to add detailed information to the t$   command file listing.  Comments in a command file are ignored by the    computer when the command file is executed.      The comment text is any string of characters between the asterisk and
     left parenthesis:  *(     and the matching right parenthesis:  )       The comment text may share a command line with an executable command,4     occupy an entire command line, or occupy several command lines.8  >SYNTAXK
     *(comment text)O  TENDC[COMPUTE $   Use COMPUTE to perform summary computations on selected column values         SUM      Sums the selected columns        AVE      Averages the selected columns         COUNT    Counts the number of entries for a column value        MAX      Selects the row with the greatest mathematical or                 alphabetic value6       MIN      Selects the row with the least mathematical orI                alphabetic valuek       ROWS     Counts the number of rows in the entire table        ALL      Performs all the operations listed above       To store the result instead of displaying it, assign the      computation a variable name.     To limit the column values used in the computation, use the 
      WHERE clause option 1 SYNTAX                       AVE                       COUNTN COMPUTE  MAX  colname FROM tblname  u$          varname AS  MIN                          WHERE condlist                        SUM     COMPUTE  ROWS FROM tblname          varname AS   COMPUTE ALL colname FROM tblname                                     WHERE condlist  ENDCDEFINE,   The DEFINE mode enables you to specify all the characteristics toT   define a new database or modify the structure of an existing database. u   You can enter columns, tables, table passwords, or rules.y       Enter the DEFINE command with a new database specification to define      a new database.      Enter the DEFINE command with an existing database specification      to add additional tables to a database.      Enter the DEFINE command without a database specification to      redefine the structure of the open database.U     If an OWNER password is defined for the database, you must enterq      the password before modifying the database. u     To leave the DEFINE mode, enter END at the D> prompt.  SYNTAX
      DEFINE                 dbspec   ENDCDELETE   R:BASE uses three commands that contain the word DELETE.       Use DELETE ROWS to remove selected rows from a table.  You mustN     include a WHERE clause or a row pointer to specify the rows affected [
     by the command._      Use DELETE DUPLICATES to remove duplicate rows from a table.  A$     duplicate row is defined as a row where the values for each column      are exactly the same as another row in the table.  DELETE DUPLICATES      processes much faster if the row contains a key column.      Use DELETE KEY to remove the index designation from a column.A     If you want to reestablish the column as a key, use BUILD KEY. E1 KSYNTAXi     DELETE ROWS FROM  tblname WHERE condlist                          n        DELETE DUPLICATES FROM tblname        DELETE KEY FOR colname IN tblnameENDCDISPLAY    Use DISPLAY in a command file to display a stored screen.  ($    If a procedure file is not specified, R:BASE searches the procedureK      file most recently used by the command file for the screen.O  x    If no procedure file is open, DISPLAY can be used to show the contents      of an ASCII file.  Enter the file name instead of a screen name  SYNTAX      DISPLAY scrnname                          IN procfile  ENDCDRAW   Use DRAW to display a variable form.  The current value of global,   variables used in the form may also be displayed.  This command is A   typically used in a command file.E  m    Enter a list of global variables to display those values on the form.q  $    Enter a row number to specify the location of the form's top line.       You can display up to 5 variable forms on the screen at one time      then you must use a NEWPAGE command to clear the screen.   SYNTAX$    DRAW varformnameG                      WITH VARIABLE varlist   AT scrnrow  b                     WITH ALL gENDClEDIT   R:BASE uses three commands that contain the word EDIT.      Use EDIT to browse up or down through the rows and columns of a table,    change data, or delete rows.     Use EDIT USING to change data or delete rows that are displayed in the    format of a table form.   3$   Use EDIT VAR in a command file to enable the user to change data or X    delete rows that are displayed in the format of a variable form.\1 bSYNTAXp                 =w         collist    EDIT             FROM tblname  $        ALL                SORTED BY collist WHERE condlist       EDIT USING formname                         SORTED BY collist WHERE condlist     *   Q$  EDIT VARIABLES   w                   varlist   USING varformname   RETURN keylist  {   ENDC ENTER     R:BASE uses two commands that contain the word ENTER.       Use ENTER to add data to a table using a previously defined table form.        Use ENTER VARIABLES in a command file to enable the user to enter      values into variables using a previously defined variable form.     +SYNTAX B    ENTER formname  X                    FROM filespec  n                    FOR r ROWS  r   v   $    ENTER VARIABLE $                    varlist   USING varformname   RETURN keylist   ENDC EXIT   Use the EXIT command to leave R:BASE and return to the operating system. )   The EXIT command automatically closes any database open at the time the8   command is executed. >SYNTAXF      EXITKENDCQEXPANDv   Use EXPAND to add a new or existing column to an existing table. z        The new column name must be one to eight characters long.       Data types are INTEGER, REAL, DOLLAR, DATE, TIME, or TEXT.     Use the length item for TEXT data types to specify a length from      1 to 1500 characters. $     If the column exists in another table in the database, you cannot 2      enter a data type or length.6  Y    To build an index for the column, use the BUILD KEY command. ]  cSYNTAX      EXPAND tblname WITH colname                                      datatype                                                 length  ENDCFILLNOFILL    Use FILL in the LOAD mode (L> prompt) to enter a null value for columns)   that have not been assigned a value.  All of the missing values must beP$   at the end of the row.  If a rule specifies that a column requires anh   entry other than null, do not use FILL.l     Use NOFILL to turn off FILL. SYNTAX   FILL      NOFILL   ENDCFILLIN   Use FILLIN in a command file to prompt the user to enter a value    from the keyboard.  The value is stored in an R:BASE variable.   $    If the variable is not already defined, FILLIN defines it when the +
     command is executed.   T    The message used to prompt the user must be enclosed in quotes.X  $    Enter an AT clause to specify the screen line and column where the      first character of the prompt message will appear. SYNTAX       FILLIN varname USING message                                        AT scrnrow scrncol ENDCFORMS    Use FORMS to start the forms process, by which you can create or modifyU   a table form or variable form.  The entire process is menudriven. Y      Form names are 1 to 8 characters in length, and cannot contain blank      spaces or special characters.    A form name can be the same as an existing table name. $    To create a table form, enter a table name when you are prompted to     do so.     To create a variable form, press the [Return] key when you are prompted      to enter a table name. $  *SYNTAX;     FORMS K
             formname O  TENDCYGOTO$   Use GOTO and a label name in a command file to direct the program to    the command line that contains the LABEL command and the matching   label name.  The program then continues with the next command line    after LABEL.      See LABEL.   SYNTAX
      GOTO labelname$ENDC$IF$)   Use IF within a command file to cause a block of commands to be$B   executed only under specified conditions.$F  $m$    If the condition is true, R:BASE executes all commands between the $     THEN and ELSE, or between THEN and ENDIF, if ELSE is not used. $  $$    If the condition is not true and ELSE is used, R:BASE executes the $$     block of commands between ELSE and ENDIF.  If ELSE is not used and $     the condition is false, execution of the command file continues with $$     the line immediately following ENDIF.$(  $Q    The list of conditions in the IF statement can include ten conditions. $U  $s    IF commands can be nested up to ten levels deep. $w  $    The last statement in an IF block is ENDIF.$1 $SYNTAX$      IF condlist THEN$
         thenblock $      ELSE                 (optional) $         elseblock        (optional) $      ENDIF ENDC$INPUT    Use INPUT to change the input device from your keyboard to a file. 1  U    Enter a drive if the input file is not on the default drive. Y  $    Enter a path if the input file is not on the current directory and 
     default drive.   '    If you specify a command file, execution begins after you press [Return].  SYNTAX
      INPUT filespec  ENDCINTERSECT 
$   Use INTERSECT to combine rows from two tables (tblname1 and tblname2)   that have one or more common columns into a new table (tblname3).3  Z$    The new table contains only the rows that contain identical entriesm     for each column specified. q      If no columns are specified, R:BASE uses the combination of all     columns from both tables.  SYNTAX      INTERSECT tblname1 WITH tblname2 FORMING tblname3*                                                         USING collist  ENDC4JOINY   Use JOIN to combine rows from two tables (tblname1 and tblname2) l   into a new table (tblname3). p  $    The names of the columns you specify should be different.  The data     type and length, however, must be the same.$    The value in each row of the first table column is compared to the      values in all the rows of the second table column.      When R:BASE finds a match between the two specified columns, that row3     is added to the new table. [    Specify the comparison operator if it is other than EQ (for example, l     NE, GT, LT, GE, or LE).p  vSYNTAX'   JOIN tblname1 USING colname1 WITH tblname2 USING colname2 . . .      . . . FORMING tblname3                                WHERE logicalop    'ENDC'LABEL '.$   Use LABEL and a label name in a command file to designate the contin'C   uation point for a GOTO command. 'G  'o    When GOTO and a label name are used in a command file, the program is'     directed to the command line that contains the LABEL command and the '$     matching label name.  Processing continues with the next line after'     LABEL. '  '    See GOTO.'  'SYNTAX'      LABEL labelname 'ENDC'LIST'   Use the LIST command to list information about the open database or',   available databases. '0  'P   Use the following reserved words with the LIST command:'T  'z     ALL            Lists all the tables, password status, row counts,'                     column names, lengths, data types, and keys '     COLUMNS        Lists all column definitions'      DATABASES      Lists all databases on the default directory(     FORMS          Lists all form names(     REPORTS        Lists all report names(B     RULES          Lists all rules and the status of the rule checking mode(Z     TABLES         Lists all table names (|     tblname        Lists information about a specified table (  (SYNTAX(
      LIST listtype (  (ENDC(LOAD(   Use LOAD to add data to a table within the open database.(  ($    When no options are entered with the command, data is added to the (     table, row by row, without using a data entry form and without being ()     prompted for each data item. (N    If you specify WITH PROMPTS, the column name and data type are (^
     displayed as prompts.($    If you specify FROM filespec, data is loaded from an external ASCII(     delimited file that contains less than 80 characters in each row.(    If you specify FROM filespec AS ASCII, data is loaded from an(     external ASCII delimited file that can contain up to 1530 characters )     in a row.)*    If you specify a column list, the order in which the columns are listed):
     is the loading order.)Y    To leave the LOAD mode, enter END at the L> prompt.)]1 )cSYNTAX)      LOAD tblname)                    WITH PROMPTS   USING collist  )                    FROM filespec  )                    FROM filespec AS ASCII  )  )ENDC)MOVE)   Use MOVE to copy a substring from one global TEXT variable to another. )  )@    In addition to the names of the variables, you must specify: )D  )k$    nchar:  an integer between 1 and 1500 that specifies the length of )x
     the substring. )|  )    chrpos1:  an integer between 1 and 1500 that specifies the first )     character of the substring to move.)  )    chrpos2:  an integer between 1 and 1500 that specifies the character )     position to move the substring to. *  *SYNTAX**       MOVE nchar FROM varname1 AT chrpos1 TO varname2 AT chrpos2*.  *3ENDC*:NEWPAGE *_   Use NEWPAGE to send a formfeed character to your current output *i   device(s). *m  *    If the SCREEN is a current output device, NEWPAGE clears *     the screen and moves the cursor to the top of the screen *  *     If the PRINTER is a current output device, NEWPAGE advances*     the paper one page *  *     If a current output device is a file, NEWPAGE writes a form*     feed character in the file *  *+SYNTAX*5      NEWPAGE *:ENDC*?NEXT*g   Use NEXT to advance the R:BASE row pointer to the next row in the table*   associated with the route number defined with SET POINTER.  NEXT is*   typically used in a command file.*  *    n is a route number (1, 2, or 3) that is set with SET POINTER. *  +    Enter a variable name to store the result of the row pointer option. +     The value of the variable is 0 if the operation is successful, +:     and nonzero if unsuccessful.+>  +DSYNTAX+V      NEXT n  +g                varname +lENDC+qOPEN+   Use OPEN to gain access to a previously defined database.  You must+   open a database in order to query, add, edit, or delete data or to +	   print reports. +  +    Enter a drive to select a database that is not on the default drive. +    Enter a path to select a database that is not on the current +$     directory. +(  +.SYNTAX+:	      OPEN dbspec +>  +CENDC+IOUTPUT+p$   Use OUTPUT to direct messages and the results of commands to a file, +   printer, screen, or any combination of the three.+  +     The WITH BOTH secondary specification is only useful if the+     primary device is a file.+  +SYNTAX+               PRINTER ,      OUTPUT  SCREEN  ,               filespec    WITH SCREEN  ,9                               WITH PRINTER  ,U                               WITH BOTH  ,q                               WITH filespec  ,vENDC,|OWNER ,$   Use OWNER within the DEFINE mode to specify the owner password for a ,   database.,  ,$    Passwords can be from 1 to 8 characters, with no blank spaces, and ,     cannot begin with a number or special character. ,$    If you specify an owner password, users must enter the password to ,B     modify the database structure with the DEFINE, RELOAD, and UNLOAD,L     commands.,s$    If you want to specify modify and read (MPW and RPW) passwords for ,     tables in the database, you must first define an OWNER password. ,$    Keep a record of the owner password in a safe place away from your      computer.  If you lose the owner password, it is impossible to search     the database structure to determine the password.  )SYNTAX6
      OWNER password;ENDC@PACKe   Use PACK to recover disk space that originally contained database   information.  When information is removed with the REMOVE or DELETE   command, the disk space that was occupied by the information is   unusable until PACK or RELOAD is executed.       Make a backup copy of the database before executing      PACK.    Enter a volume if the database is not on the default volume. @$    Enter a directory if the database is not on the current directory. f    Enter a database specification to pack a database other than the z     one you are currently using.     Use RELOAD to remove unusable space and make a duplicate copy.     SYNTAX
      PACK              dbspec   ENDC.PASSWORDS .'   Use PASSWORDS in the DEFINE mode to start the process of assigning .E   modify and read passwords (MPW and RPW) to tables. .I  .n    An OWNER password must exist before you define table passwords..    You can define one MPW and RPW for each table in the database. .    An MPW enables users to read and modify table data.  An MPW must .     exist before you can assign an RPW..    An RPW enables users to read table data. .  .SYNTAX.      PASSWORDS .  .      RPW .            FOR tblname IS password .+      MPW .0ENDC.6PAUSE .Y    Use PAUSE to temporarily suspend execution of a command file..   Execution resumes when the user presses any key on the keyboard. .  .    The command immediately preceding PAUSE should contain the text.$     that directs the user to press a key to continue.  For example, the.     command line may look like this:   '     WRITE Invalid part number.  Press any key to continue. ; PAUSE +  1SYNTAX:      PAUSE ?ENDCEPRINT g   Use PRINT to generate a report defined in the REPORTS mode.k      If breakpoints are included in the report, the rows are     automatically sorted by the breakpoint columns       Use the SORTED BY clause to specify sorting conditions for up to ten      columns.  Conditions in the SORTED BY clause take precedence over	     breakpoints.   1    Use a WHERE condition to specify the rows that you want to print.5  ;SYNTAX_      PRINT rptname                       SORTED BY collist   WHERE condlist  ENDCPROJECT    Use PROJECT to create a new table (tblname2) from an existing table   (tblname1).  The new table can be either an identical copy of the   original table or a subset of the original table.0  0'    You must include a USING clause.  If you want a subset of columns0I     from the existing file, name them.  Otherwise, enter ALL.0M  0SSYNTAX0q                                          collist 0   PROJECT tblname2 FROM tblname1 USING             . . . 0                                          ALL 0  0   . . .  0          SORTED BY collist  WHERE condlist 0ENDC0PROMPT0  Use PROMPT to enter the PROMPT mode.  R:BASE displays online assistance0>  to help execute any of the following commands:0B  0c  APPEND   DATE      FORMS     OUTPUT    REMOVE    SUBTRACT 0  ASSIGN   DEFINE    INPUT     OWNER     RENAME    TABLES 0  BUILD    DELETE    INTERSECT PACK      REPORTS   TALLY0  CHANGE   DISPLAY   JOIN      PASSWORDS RULES     UNION0  CLOSE    EDIT      LIST      PRINT     RUN       UNLOAD 1  COLUMNS  ENTER     LOAD      PROJECT   SELECT    USER 1  COMPUTE  EXIT      NEWPAGE   RBEDIT    SET14           EXPAND    OPEN      RELOAD    SHOW 18  1W  To leave the PROMPT mode, enter END at the P> prompt. 1[  1aSYNTAX1t     PROMPT  1              commandname 1ENDC1QUIT1$   Use QUIT in a command file to close all currently open command files,1   IF, and WHILE blocks.1  1    The TO filespec option specifies the next command file for R:BASE to 1     execute.  If no file is listed, R:BASE returns to the R> prompt. 1  1SYNTAX13      QUIT 1D            TO filespec 1IENDC1ORBEDIT1x   Use RBEDIT to create or edit small text and command files within R:BASE. 1   Following are the edit keys: 1  1  []         Cursor up one line           [Mark]      Show first page2  []         Cursor down one line         [Prev Page] Show previous page 2'  []         Cursor left one space        [Next Page] Show next page 2M  []         Cursor right one space       [Bound]     Show last page 2s  [Code][]   Cursor to end of line        [Over Type] Insert a space 2  [Code][]   Cursor to start of line      [Delete]    Delete a character 2  [Tab]       Cursor one tab stop right    [Backspace] Blanks one space left2  [Code][Tab] Cursor one tab stop left     [F1]        Insert a line above2$  [Return]    Cursor to start of next line [F2]        Delete this line 2+  [F4]        Turn onoff character repeat2  25SYNTAX2G      RBEDIT  2X               filespec 2]ENDC2cRELOAD2   Use RELOAD to make a copy of the currently open database, without2   copying unusable disk space.  When information is removed with the 2   REMOVE or DELETE command, the disk space that was occupied by the2   information is unusable until RELOAD or PACK is executed.3  3    Make a backup copy of the database before executing 3*     RELOAD.3Q$    To reload a database on the same path as the original, assign a new3g     name when you enter the command. 3    If you only want to remove unusable disk space and do not need a 3     duplicate copy, use PACK.3$    If you reload to a different directory or drive, you may assign the3     same database name.3  3SYNTAX3      RELOAD newdbspec3ENDC3REMOVE3   R:BASE has two commands that contain the word REMOVE.3  3A    REMOVE tblname deletes an entire table from the current database.3E  3i    REMOVE COLUMN deletes a single column from an existing table.3m  3   After executing either REMOVE command, use PACK or RELOAD. 3  3SYNTAX3
      REMOVE tblname3  3      REMOVE COLUMN colname FROM tblname3ENDC3RENAME3    Use RENAME to change OWNER passwords, table and column names 3	   in a database. 4  4SYNTAX4      RENAME  OWNER password1 TO password248              TABLE tblname1 TO tblname24]              colname1 TO colname2  4               COLUMN                          IN tblname 4  4ENDC4REPORTS 4$   Use REPORTS to start the Reports process, by which you can create or 4   modify a custom report format.  The entire process is menu driven. 4  4    Report names are 1 to 8 characters in length, and cannot contain 4     blank spaces or special characters.4  4E    A report name can be the same as an existing table name. 4I  4OSYNTAX4     REPORTS 4q               rptname  4vENDC4|RETURN4   Use RETURN in a subordinate command file, or subroutine, to resume 4   executing the governing command file.4  5    Execution in the governing command file resumes with the command 5     immediately following the RUN or INPUT command that called the 51     subroutine.55  5\$    If the subroutine is executed by a RUN or INPUT command typed at an5$     R> prompt, RETURN terminates execution and returns to an R> prompt.5  5SYNTAX5      RETURN5ENDC5RULES 5   Use RULES in the DEFINE mode to define data entry and modification 5   rules.  Rule checking is turned on and off by SET RULES ONOFF and 5	   CHECKNOCHECK. 5  5   A rule definition has two parts:58     The message that is displayed if the rule condition is not met. 5H
     The rule condition. 5L  5r   Complex rule conditions can be built by combining rule conditions 5    with the operators AND and OR.5  5$   There are three types of rule conditions.  You can compare the input5	    value against:5     A column value in an existing table (the first syntax shown). 6     A value specified in the rule (the second syntax).6     Its existence in a column (the third syntax). 61 6(SYNTAX6A                                     EQA  6Z    RULES                            NEA  6$    message colname1 IN tblname1  GTA  colname2 in tblname2 6                                     GEA                          AND... 6                                     LTA                          OR...6                                     LEA  6  6                                       EQ 6)    RULES                               NE  6N    message colname   GT   value  6t                        IN tblname    GE            AND...6                                        LT            OR... 6                                        LE  6                                       CONTAINS 6  7    RULES                              FAILS  7    message colname           7C                        IN tblname   EXISTS    AND... 7d                                                     OR...7iENDC7nRUN 7   Use RUN to execute an R:BASE command file. 7  7$    Enter the procedure file that contains the command file if the file7     is not in the current procedure file.7  7    Enter up to nine parameters with the USING clause, to list the 7      values used by the command.  The first value in the list is7?     referenced in the command file by 1, the second by 2, and so forth.7C  7ISYNTAX7h      RUN cmdfile 7                    IN procfile   USING paramlist  7ENDC7SELECT7   Use SELECT to retrieve and display rows of data from a table. 7  7$   All column data types may have =w appended, and DOLLAR, INTEGER, or 8    REAL data types may have =S appended. 8    =w determines the display width 8,    =S specifies summation of a column80  8W$   Enter a list of column names to display specific columns in a table 8s    or to change the display order of the columns.8w  8}SYNTAX8	             =S 8
       ALL 8SELECT                 FROMtblname8       collist             SORTED BY collistWHERE condlist8                 =w=S      n 8  8ENDC8SET 8>   R:BASE has seven commands that contain the word SET. 8f  Use SET to change the current status of special characters and keyword 8o   settings.8$  Use SET ERROR to specify and change the status of error messages and 8
   error variables. 8   Use SET LOCK to set locks on or to remove locks from tables. 9  Use SET POINTER to specify and change the status of row pointers.9)  Use SET VARIABLE to specify and change the status of global variables. 9P$  Use SET VERIFY with the EDIT USING command to specify locking by row 9d   or by one column within a row. 9$  Use SET WAIT to set the number of seconds to retry the last command. 9  9   For information on SET VARIABLE, SET ERROR, SET LOCK, SET VERIFY,9   SET WAIT, and SET POINTER, press [Finish] and enter the appropriate9   command at the H> prompt.9  91 9SET SPECIAL CHARACTERS9)    To change an R:BASE special character value, use the following format:9  9;    SET chrname=value 9?  9g    Special characters are reset to default values when R:BASE is started.9k  9    The R:BASE special character names and default values are:9  9     chrname       default value9           9     BLANK9
     DOLLAR        $9
     QUOTES        9
     SEMI          ;9
     PLUS          +:
     COMMA         ,:  :	1 :SET KEYWORDS::  Use the following format to change an R:BASE keyword: SET keyword value :c  Keywords (except DATE) are reset to default values when R:BASE is started.:$ Keyword   Usage                                 Options        Default :$          : AUTOSKIP  sets data entry field skip            ON or OFF      OFF : BELL      sets terminal speaker                 ON or OFF      ON: CASE      sets UPPERlower case distinction     ON or OFF      OFF :F$ DATE      sets format of dates                  See manual     mmddyy:k ECHO      sets echo of input to output device   ON or OFF      OFF : ESCAPE    sets key ([Finish] or [Cancel]):           for aborting   		         ON or OFF      ON: LINES     sets lines per page or screen         >= 0           20; MESSAGE   sets display of diagnostic messages   ON or OFF      ON; MULTI     sets multiusersingleuser mode      ON or OFF      OFF ;K NULL      sets null value indicator             1  4 chars    0 ;o REVERSE   sets reverse video data entry fields  ON or OFF      ON; RULES     sets validation checks                ON or OFF      ON; SCRATCH   sets sort drive                       ON or OFF      ON; USER      sets current user password            1  8 chars    NONE; WIDTH     sets columns per page or screen       40 to 256      75;  ;1 ;SYNTAX;.                                                     ON ;NSET chrname=value                          MESSAGE  OFF;g                               SET ERROR  ;SET keyword value                                    varname;                                           VARIABLE ;                  ON                                OFF;SET LOCK tbllist  OFF <  <)SET POINTER n  FOR tblname <Q               varname              SORTED BY collist WHERE condlist<U  <l                                value <                       TO   .varname2 <'SET VARIABLE varname        colname IN  tblname  <                       =                           WHERE condlist<                                             n <                                arithmetic expression <=                               string expression <Q                       datatype <VENDC<^SET ERROR <   Use SET ERROR in a command file to trap R:BASE error message numbers and <   suppress the printing of R:BASE error messages.<  <     SET ERROR MESSAGE turns the display of messages ON and OFF.<  =    SET ERROR VARIABLE defines the variable that R:BASE uses to hold =     error message numbers. =7      If a command executes with no system errors, the value of the=E       variable is 0. =l$      If a system error occurs, the value of the variable is the number=}       of the error message.=  =$    SET ERROR VARIABLE OFF returns R:BASE to the standard error message=     display. =  =1 =SYNTAX=
                      ON=            MESSAGE  OFF =SET ERROR =                      varname =            VARIABLE  =                       OFF =ENDC=)SET LOCK=P$   Use SET LOCK to set locks on or to remove locks from tables manually.=x   The command can be used with the SET POINTER command to prevent access =   to a table or tables or in any situation where a procedure should have =   exclusive use of tables. =  >$    When operating in multiuser mode, R:BASE will automatically handle>($     most locks according to the command executing.  This command allows>B     you to control access to tables manually.>HSYNTAX>W                    ON>d
SET LOCK tbllist >t
                    OFF >yENDC>SET POINTER >$   Use SET POINTER to set up a route that quickly moves a pointer (1, 2,>   or 3) through the rows in a table. >  >    Enter a variable name to store the result of the row pointer option. >     The value of the variable is 0 if the operation is successful, >$     and nonzero if unsuccessful.>(  >O$    If SORTED BY or WHERE options are not entered, SET POINTER sets the>v$     route equal to the order in which the rows were added to the table.>z  >$    The ASSIGN, CHANGE, DELETE, NEXT, and SET VARIABLE commands can all>     make use of row pointers.>  >SYNTAX?SET POINTER n  FOR tblname ?)               varname              SORTED BY collist WHERE condlist?.ENDC?7SET VARIABLE?F   Use SET VARIABLE to: ?J  ?r   Define a new global variable or change the value of an existing global?|    variable. ?  ?   Change the data type of an existing global variable.?  ?SYNTAX?                                value ?                       TO   .varname2 ?'SET VARIABLE varname        colname IN  tblname  ?,                       =                           WHERE condlist?U                                             n ?t                               arithmetic expression ?                               string expression ?                       datatype ?ENDC?SET VERIFY?   Use SET VERIFY to specify locking by row or by one column within a row.@  @)   Used with the EDIT USING command to specify whether R:BASE concurrency@Q    control is to apply to data in an entire row or to one column within a@X    row.@   Users can read all of the table and make changes to any other column or @    row in the table, depending on whether verify is set to COLUMN or ROW.@  @SYNTAX@SET VERIFY  COLUMN  @               ROW    @ENDC@SET WAIT@   When operating in multiuser mode, use SET WAIT to set the minimal number@4   of seconds to retry the last requested resource before halting execution.@\   Rather than aborting execution of a command, SET WAIT allows you to set@   a length of time for R:BASE to keep trying to access a resource. @  @   Specify the number of seconds by entering a number from one to 16,383 @    (approximately 4.5 hours) @SYNTAX@  @SET WAIT n@ENDCASHOWA)   Use SHOW to display the status of system parameters, and all format andAP$   default conditions defined with the SET command.  SHOW also displays Ay   the status of the buffer clearing function, current user identification, A   and global variable values.  In multiuser operation, SHOW displays theA   current VERIFY setting and WAIT time.A  A    Keywords: AUTOSKIP, BELL, CASE, CLEAR, DATE, ECHO, ESCAPE, LINES A
               MESSAGES, MULTI, NULL, REVERSE, RULES, SCRATCH, USER, WIDTHA0    The keyword ESCAPE is equivalent to the [Finish] or [Cancel] keysAT    The VARIABLES option displays all the global variables in theAp     database, or enter a specific variable name. A    To display information on error messages, see SHOW ERROR.ASYNTAXA$     SHOW B           keywordB'           VARIABLES BL                         varname Bp                                   =w  AT scrnrow scrncol BuENDCB}SHOW ERRORB    Use SHOW ERROR to display the error variable name and number.B  B$    The error variable name is established with the SET ERROR command, B     and the value is set equal to the number of the error that occurred. B  B    Include a screen row and column position to locate the display area. B  B)SYNTAXBA     SHOW ERROR varname AT scrnrow scrncolBFENDCBNSORTED BY Bu$   The SORTED BY clause is used with several R:BASE commands to specify B   the order in which rows of data from a table are displayed.B  B$    =A sorts the columns in ascending order, starting with the letter AB     or the least numeric value.  =A is the R:BASE default value. C  C    =D sorts in descending order, starting with the letter Z or theC7     greatest numeric value.C;  Cd    You may specify up to 10 column names in the clause.  If more than one C     column is specified, the data is sorted by the first column until twoC     or more identical items appear.  Those items are sorted by the secondC     column specified, and so forth.C  CSYNTAXC      SORTED BY colname1 ... C$                          =A  colname2     colname10  CL                          =D             =A                =A Ct                                             =D                =D CyENDCCSUBTRACTC   Use SUBTRACT to create a new table (tblname3) made up of rows that C   exist in tblname2 but not in tblname1. C  D   R:BASE looks in both tables for at least one common column name.  Then D)   it compares a column value from each row of tblname1 with correspondingDP$   columns for every row of tblname2.  Each row of tblname2 that has no Di   match in tblname1 is copied to tblname3. Dm  DsSYNTAXD     SUBTRACT tblname1 FROM tblname2 FORMING tblname3  D                                                        USING collist DENDCDTABLESD    Use TABLES in the DEFINE mode (D> prompt) to enter new table D   definitions. D  D'    A table name is 1 to 8 characters long, and cannot contain blank D0     spaces.D4  DZ    The columns you specify must already be defined.  See COLUMNS forDk     additional information.Do  D$    The order in which you specify the columns is the order that R:BASED     follows for loading data.D  D    One table can have a maximum of 400 columns and each database canE     have a maximum of 40 tables.  The maximum number of columns that eachE     database can handle is also 400. ESYNTAXE      TABLESE6
      tblname WITH collistE;ENDCEATALLY Eh$   Use TALLY to count how many values in a column are identical.  TALLY E   displays each unique value and how many times it occurs. E  E$   Enter a WHERE condition to select which rows to include in the tally.E  ESYNTAXE      TALLY colname FROM tblnameE                                  WHERE condlist  EENDCEUNION E*   Use UNION to combine the columns and rows of two existing tables EK   (tblname1 and tblname2) to form a third table (tblname3).EO  Ew    If values for the common columns are found in a row from each table, E     R:BASE combines the two rows into one and copies the combined row to E	     a new table. E  E    If the value is found in a row from only one table, R:BASE copiesF     that row and completes it with null values for the columns of theF
	     other table. F  F7    The order of columns in tblname3 is based first upon the order ofF^$     columns in tblname1.  Then, columns in tblname2 that are not commonFs     columns are added to the table.Fw  F}SYNTAXF      UNION tblname1 WITH tblname2 FORMING tblname3  F$                                                      USING collist FENDCFUNLOADF   Use UNLOAD to convert data and definitions into formats that can beF   processed by other programs or machines.  UNLOAD also transfers tables F8   from one database to another.F<  Fc$    UNLOAD ALL unloads both data and structure for the entire database.F    UNLOAD DATA unloads only the database data.F    UNLOAD SCHEMA unloads only the database structure. F  F    The FOR tblname clause enables you to unload a single table. G    The AS clause enables you to specify the output file typeG     (ASCII delimited, DIF, or MPLAN for Multiplan SYLK). G  GD    The SORTED BY clause sorts unloaded data by column.Gc    The WHERE clause limits the rows that are unloaded.Gg1 GmSYNTAXGx           ALLG	  UNLOAD   DATA G
           SCHEMA G  G
           ALL G   UNLOAD   DATA   FOR tblname . . .G          SCHEMA                         collist G                                    USING            G                                               ALL G)  GQ  UNLOAD DATA FOR tblname . . .Gw                                  collist    ASCII  G                           USING        AS DIF    G                                    ALL     MPLAN  G                                                       (row,column) H  H   . . .  H@            SORTED BY collist   WHERE condlist  HEENDCHJUSERHg   Use USER to specify your user identity to R:BASE.Hk  H    USER operates with PASSWORDS to regulate access to the database. H  H    For additional information on passwords, see OWNER and PASSWORDS.H  HSYNTAXH
      USER password HENDCHWHERE H$  The WHERE clause is used with several R:BASE commands to qualify or toH  restrict the rows affected by the command.H  HH$   Up to ten conditions can be combined with the logical operators AND Hm    and OR. Use one of the following formats to specify a condition:Hq  H    colname EXISTS            true if the value is not NULL H    colname FAILS             true if the value is NULL H    colname op value          op may be EQ, NE, GT, GE, LT, or LE I$    colname op colname        op may be EQA, NEA, GTA, GEA, LTA, or LEA I    colname CONTAINS string   true if the column contains the stringID    LIMIT EQ value            value must be an integerIf    COUNT EQ value            value must be an integer or LASTI    COUNT EQ LAST             displays the last row in a tableI  ISYNTAXI   ...WHERE condition1 ... I$                          AND condition2       AND condition10  I$                          OR condition2        OR condition10   I
ENDCIWHILE I.  Use WHILE to construct loops in command files.I2  IV   As long as the condition in the WHILE command is true, R:BASE I}$    repeatedly executes all commands between the WHILE...THEN statement I    and its corresponding ENDWHILE statement. I  I    The WHILE condition may be composed of up to ten conditions.I    Conditions are combined with the operators AND and OR.  Use one ofJ    the following formats to specify a condition: J)      varname CONTAINS string   true if variable contains character stringJM      varname EXISTS            true if variable value is not NULLJo      varname FAILS             true if variable value is NULLJ      varname op value          op may be EQ, NE, GT, GE, LT, or LE J      varname op varname        op may be EQA, NEA, GTA, GEA, LTA, or LEA J  J    WHILE blocks may be nested up to 10 levels deep. J  J	$    Use BREAK to continue processing at the line immediately following J     the governing ENDWHILE statement.J1 J)SYNTAXJ8     WHILE condlist THENJD	       whileblockJN     ENDWHILE JSENDCJYWRITE J}   Use WRITE in a command file to display a message on the screen.J  J    The message used to prompt the user must be enclosed in quotes.J  J    You may optionally specify a row and column to locate the message at J$     a specific screen location other than the current cursor position. K  KSYNTAXK     WRITE messageK;                      AT scrnrow scrncol  K@ENDCKD  KH  KL  Kv'REPORTS Main Menu K'                                                                            K'              E  Edit or create report                                     K'              D  Define or change report variables                         K'              L  Locate columns and variables on the report                KH'              M  Mark the headings, footings, detail, and breakpoints      Kr'              S  Set number of lines per page                              K'              H  Help on creating and changing reports (or [F10])          K'              Q  Exit from REPORTS (save or discard changes)               L'                                                                            L+'                                  LU'             [F3]  Show column names and variables                       L'                                  L' LENDCL  L  L  L'Marking Sections L'                                                                            L8'              R  Set report heading and footing lines                      Lb'              P  Set page heading and footing lines                        L'              D  Set detail lines                                          L'              B  Set report breakpoint subheadings and subtotals           M'              L  List a summary of the current settings                    M+'              H  Help on marking report lines (or [F10])                   MU'                                                                            M'                                                                            M'                                  M'             [F3]  Show column names and variables                       M'                                  M''                                                                            MQ' MVENDCMZ  M^  Mb  M'Report Definition M' The report definition function allows you to format and define a custom    N' report.  A report consists of three types of information: headings,        N+' detail, and footings.                                                      NU' Headings:             Detail:                 Footings:                    N'   Report Heading        Lines printed for       Break Footings             N'   Page Heading          every row selected      Page Footing               N'   Break Headings        from the table          Report Footing             N'                                                                            N'' Break headings (subheadings) and break footings (subfootings) may be       NQ' specified for up to 10 levels of breakpoints.                              N{'                                                                            N' There are five steps in defining a report: editing, defining variables,    N' locating table columns and variables, marking sections, and setting the    O' report page length. Select an item from the above menu for general help    O+' with these processes or to obtain more specific help.                      OU' OZENDCO^  Ob  Of  O'Editing the Report O' The edit function is used to enter and change the text portion of your     O' report.  Use the following editing keys to position the cursor, insert,    O' and delete:                                                                O8'                                                                            Ob' [Mark]      Cursor to top of report    [Code][Tab] One tab stop left       O' [Bound]     Cursor to bottom of report [Backspace] Blanks one space left   O' [Prev Page] Cursor up 20 lines         [Over Type] Insert a space          P' [Next Page] Cursor down 20 lines       [Delete]    Delete a character      P+' [<]        One space left             []         Cursor up one line      PU' [>]        One space right            []         Cursor down one line    P' [Tab]       One tab stop right         [Finish]    Exit edit mode          P' [Code][>]  Cursor to column 131       [F1]        Insert a line           P' [Code][<]  Cursor to column one       [F2]        Delete current line     P' [Return]    Cursor to start of         [F3]        List columns and        P''             next line                              variables               PQ' Text can be entered in columns 1 to 131 on up to 66 lines in a report.     P{' PENDCP  P  P  P'Locating Columns and Variables Q' This option allows you to specify the position of column and variable      Q+' values on your report.  When you select this option you are given the      QU' the following menu items to choose from: Locate, Relocate and Help.        Q'                                                                            Q' More specific help for locating items on your report may be obtained by    Q' selecting Locate from the REPORTS main menu and then pressing [F10].       Q' QENDCQ  Q
  Q  Q8'Marking Sections Qb' This option allows you to specify:                                         Q'                                                                            Q'   o Which sections of your report are report headings and footings         R'   o Which rows of information from the table are printed on every          R+'     page of the report (Detail section)                                    RU'   o How information is grouped (using breakpoints)                         R'   o When page ejects occur                                                 R'   o When variables are reset                                               R'                                                                            R' When you choose this option, the following menu items are available:       R'' Report, Page, Detail, Break, List, and Help.                               RQ'                                                                            R{' More specific help for each of these options may be obtained by selecting  R' Mark from the REPORTS main menu and then pressing [F10].                   R' RENDCR  R  S  S+'Defining Variables SU' Variables are used to perform calculations such as totals or subtotals.    S' Variables are defined by expressions that use columns, other variables,    S' or values as arguments.                                                    S'                                                                            S' Examples:   var1 = col1 + col2           var3 = col4                       S''             var2 = SUM OF col3           var4 = col5  100                 SQ'                                                                            S{' Variables may also be used to store values that are retrieved from other   S' tables in the database.                                                    S'                                                                            T' After you define variables, locate each variable on the report using       T+' the Locate option from the REPORTS main menu.  Then use the Mark option    TU' to specify when the value for each variable is reset.                      T'                                                                            T' More specific help for the variable definition process may be obtained by  T' selecting Define from the REPORTS main menu and pressing [F10].            T' TENDCT  T
  T  T8'Setting Page Length Tb' The Set option enables you to select the number of lines that are printed  T' on each report page.  The default page length is 66 lines.                 T'                                                                            U' The maximum page length setting is 999.                                    U+'                                                                            UU' Setting the page length to 0 suppresses page breaks.                       U' UENDCU  U  U  U'Marking Sections U' The menu options on the Marking Sections menu operate as follows:          U'                                                                            U8' The Report option enables you to specify the sections that are used as     Ub' the report heading and footing.  You can also specify page ejects to       U' occur before and after the report is printed.                              U'                                                                            V' The Page option enables you to specify the sections that are used as the   V+' page heading and footing, and the variables that are reset to zero at the  VU' end of each page.                                                          V'                                                                            V' The Detail option enables you to specify the lines that are printed for    V' every row selected from the table.                                         V'                                                                            V'' The Break option enables you to specify breakpoint values (the columns     VQ' and variables that are used to group information in your report) and to    V{' specify the headings and footings that are printed when those values       V' change.  You can also specify page ejects and variables that need to be    V' reset to zero.                                                             V' V1 W  W  W	  W3'Marking Sections (Continued) W]'                                                                            W' The List option displays the settings established with the Mark option.    W' The settings displayed are:  Report headings and footings, page ejects,    W' page headings and footings, reset variables, breakpoint columns, and       W' breakpoint variables.                                                      W'                                                                            WY' The Help option enables you to obtain more specific help for the other     W' options.  To obtain more help for the Report, Page, Detail, Break or List  W' options, select the corresponding item from the above menu.                W' XENDCX  X	  X
  X7'Report Headings and Footings Xa' The Report option enables you to specify what information is printed at    X' the beginning and end of your report.  You can also specify page ejects    X' to occur before and after the report is printed.                           X'                                                                            X	' If you want lines of your report to be included in a report heading, mark  X3' those lines by pressing [H].  Similarly, specify report footing lines      X]' by pressing [F].                                                           X'                                                                            X' You may also elect to not mark any report headings or footings.            X' YENDCY  Y	  Y
  Y7'Page Headings and Footings Ya' The Page option enables you to set page headings and footings.  You may    Y' also specify variables to be reset to zero at the end of each page.        Y'                                                                            Y' When you select this option you are prompted to list which variables       Y	' are reset at the end of the page.  Select Add or Delete if you wish to     Y3' make any changes and enter the appropriate variable name.  Select Quit     Y]' after specifying the variables to be reset.                                Y'                                                                            Y' You then have an opportunity to select page headings  the lines you      Z' want to display at the top of each page  by moving the cursor to the     YZ+' desired line and pressing [H].  Press [Finish] when you are finished.      ZU' Then designate page footings  the lines that are printed at the bottom   Z' of each page  by pressing [F].                                           Z'                                                                            Z' You may also elect to not mark any page headings or footings.              Z' ZENDCZ  Z
  Z  Z8'Detail Lines Zb' This option enables you to indicate which lines in your report are         Z' printed for every row of data selected from the table.  Move the cursor    Z' to the appropriate lines on the report and press [D].                      ['                                                                            [+' Basic columnar reports typically have one detail line.  Other reports,     [U' such as forms, checks, and mailing labels, may require several detail      [' lines.                                                                     ['                                                                            [' You may also elect not to specify any detail rows.  This is useful if you  [' want to generate reports that only contain data such as subtotals and      ['' totals.                                                                    [Q' [VENDC[Z  [^  [b  ['Report Breakpoints [' The Break option is used to:                                               \'  o  Add or delete breakpoints                                              \+'  o  Specify page ejects before a break heading                             \U'  o  Add or delete variables to be reset after a break                      \'                                                                            \' A breakpoint is associated with a column or variable value.  A break     \' occurs when the current value of that column or variable changes.  For     \' example, suppose you want to create a report that lists employees grouped  \'' by department.  You can accomplish this by setting a breakpoint to be      \Q' associated with a value, for example DEPCODE, that identifies each         \{' department.  A break occurs each time the value of DEPCODE changes.        \'                                                                            \' When you select this option you are prompted for a breakpoint number.      ]' A default number is shown in square brackets.  It is the lowest            ]+' available breakpoint number.  You may assign up to ten breakpoints for     ]U' each report.  Breakpoints are numbered from one through nine, and zero.    ]' Zero is the largest available breakpoint number.  When a breakpoint        ]' breaks, all breakpoints with a greater breakpoint number also break.     ]' ]1 ]  ]  ]  ]
'Report Breakpoints (continued) ]7' When a break occurs, footings and headings for all breakpoints that break  ]a' are printed.  Columns that are assigned to breakpoints are automatically   ]' sorted  the column with the lowest breakpoint number is sorted first.    ]' Breakpoint variables are not sorted.  If a SORTED BY clause is used, it    ^' overrides the column breakpoint sorting order.  If you want to sort        ^+' detail items, specify the sorting order in the PRINT command.              ^U'                                                                            ^' Before you specify footings and headings, specify a page eject or          ^' variables you want reset to zero.  You may also specify a separate         ^' heading and footing for each breakpoint as well.  Designate breakpoint     ^' heading lines with an [H], and footing lines with an [F].                  ^'' ^,ENDC^0  ^4  ^8  ^b'List Option ^' The List option displays the settings established with the Mark option.    ^' The settings displayed are:  Report headings and footings, page ejects,    _' page headings and footings, reset variables, breakpoint columns, and       _+' breakpoint variables.                                                      _U' _ZENDC_^  _b  _f  _'Locating Columns and Variables _' This option enables you to locate where column and variable values appear  _' on your report.  The menu items displayed above operate as follows:        _'                                                                            _8' The Locate option enables you to locate any column in the table or any     _b' variable that has already been defined for this report (with the Define    _' option) anywhere on the report.  If you have already located a column or   _' a variable on the report and you wish to display it again, use the Locate  ' option.                                                                    +'                                                                            U' The Relocate option enables you to change the location of a column or a    ' variable that you have already located.  Use Relocate if you do not want   ' to display the value in the position originally defined.  You can also     ' use Relocate to delete a located item from the report.                     '                                                                            '' To obtain more specific help for the Locate and Relocate options, select   Q' one of the options from the menu displayed above.  To execute these        {' options press [Finish] to exit from help mode and select an option.        ' ENDC      a'Locate Mode a+' When you select this option you are prompted to enter the name of a        aU' column or variable that you want to locate.  Locate the item in any        a' section of the report.  Each time the section is printed, the current      a' value of the item is displayed.                                            a'                                                                            a' After you supply the name of the column or variable that you want to       a'' locate, move the cursor to the location where you want the display to      aQ' begin.  Mark this location by pressing [S].  For all data types except     a{' TEXT the cursor automatically moves to the maximum end position.  You can  a' reduce the amount of space reserved for the item by moving the cursor to   a' the left.  Press [E] to mark the end location for the item.                a' a1 b  b  b	  b3'Locate Mode (Continued) b]' When locating the end position of TEXT items you have additional options.  b' Unlike other data types, after you locate the start of a text data item    b' the cursor moves one position to the right.  Move the cursor to an end     b' position on the same line and press [E] or [W].  If you press [E] the      b' text is printed in the space between the S and the E.  If you press [W],   b' text that requires additional space wraps and continues on the following   bY' lines.                                                                     b'                                                                            b' When you choose the text wrap method, you may truncate the text display.   b' Move the cursor to the truncation point and press [T].                     c'                                                                            c+' You can also specify indentation of the first line.  Move the cursor to    cU' the indentation location and press [I].                                    c'                                                                            c' You can locate a column or variable as many times as you need.             c' cENDCc  c  c  c'Relocating Columns and Variables c8' To relocate a variable or column, select the Relocate option.  REPORTS     cb' displays the Locate screen and places the cursor at the first variable or  c' column.  You have the option to Keep, Change, Delete, or Quit.             c'                                                                            d' Select Keep to retain the existing starting and ending locations.          d+'                                                                            dU' Select Change to change the location of the displayed column or variable.  d' REPORTS erases the S and E location markers.  Follow the original Locate   d' guidelines to locate the variable or column.  You cannot overlap located   d' areas.                                                                     d'                                                                            d'' Select Delete to delete the location of the displayed column or variable.  dQ' REPORTS removes the S and E location markers.  You must use Locate to      d{' replace a deleted location.                                                d'                                                                            d' REPORTS progresses through every located column and variable unless you    e' select the Quit option to end.                                             e+' e0ENDCe4  e8  e<  ef'Defining Variables e' The following options are available when you are prompted for a variable   e' expression:                                                                e'                                                                            e'      o Enter an expression to define a new variable                        e8'      o Enter an expression to redefine an existing variable                eb'      o Enter a DELETE command (Delete varname) to delete a variable        e'      o Enter a REORDER command (Reorder varname position) to change the    e'        order in which variables are evaluated                              f'      o Enter a TYPE command (Type varname vartype) to change a variable    f+'        data type                                                           fU' fY1 f]  fa  fe  f'Defining Variables (Continued) f' Variables are defined by expressions that use columns, other variables,    f' or values as arguments.  For example, you can:                             f
'                                                                            f7' Perform arithmetic calculations that use columns, variables, or constant   fa' values ...  varname = .globalvar x 100                                     f'                                                                            f' Use a variable as a counter ...   varname = varname + 1                    g'                                                                            g+' Combine TEXT columns or variables ...   varname = colname  varname2       gU'                                                                            g' Use DATE, TIME, or PAGE to set variables to the current date, time, or  g' page number ...   varname = DATE                                          g'                                                                            g' Retrieve column values from other tables ...                               g''    varname = colname IN tblname WHERE condition                            gQ' ENDC