UP(4)

NAME
up - unibus storage module controller/drives

SYNOPSIS
controller sc0 at uba? csr 0176700 vector upintr
disk up0 at sc0 drive 0

DESCRIPTION
This is a generic UNIBUS storage module disk driver. It is specifically designed to work with the Emulex SC-21 and SC-31 controllers. It can be easily adapted to other controllers (although bootstrapping will not necessarily be directly possible.)

The script MAKEDEV(8) should be used to create the up special files; consult mknod(8) if a special file needs to be made manually. It is recommended as a security precaution to not create special files for devices which may never be installed.

DISK SUPPORT
The driver interrogates the controller's holding register to determine the type of drive attached. The driver recognizes seven different drives: CDC 9762, CDC 9766, AMPEX DM980, AMPEX 9300, AMPEX Capricorn, FUJITSU 160, and FUJITSU Eagle (the Eagle is not supported by the SC-21).

Special file names begin with ‘up’ and ‘rup’ for the block and character files respectively. The second component of the name, a drive unit number in the range of zero to seven, is represented by a ‘’? in the disk layouts below. The last component of the name, the file system partition, is designated by a letter from ‘a’ to ‘h’ which also corresponds to a minor device number set: zero to seven, eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for drive zero, drive two and drive three respectively (see physio(4)). The location and size (in 512 byte sectors) of the partitions for the above drives:
CDC 9762 partitions disk start length cyls hp?a 0 15884 0-99 hp?b 16000 33440 100-309 hp?c 0 131680 0-822 hp?d 49600 15884 309-408 hp?e 65440 55936 409-758 hp?f 121440 10080 759-822 hp?g 49600 82080 309-822 CDC 9766 300M drive partitions: disk start length cyl up?a 0 15884 0-26 up?b 16416 33440 27-81 up?c 0 500384 0-822 up?d 341696 15884 562-588 up?e 358112 55936 589-680 up?f 414048 861760 681-822 up?g 341696 158528 562-822 up?h 49856 291346 82-561 AMPEX DM980 partitions disk start length cyls hp?a 0 15884 0-99 hp?b 16000 33440 100-309 hp?c 0 131680 0-822 hp?d 49600 15884 309-408 hp?e 65440 55936 409-758 hp?f 121440 10080 759-822 hp?g 49600 82080 309-822 AMPEX 9300 300M drive partitions: disk start length cyl up?a 0 15884 0-26 up?b 16416 33440 27-81 up?c 0 495520 0-814 up?d 341696 15884 562-588 up?e 358112 55936 589-680 up?f 414048 81312 681-814 up?g 341696 153664 562-814 up?h 49856 291346 82-561 AMPEX Capricorn 330M drive partitions: disk start length cyl hp?a 0 15884 0-31 hp?b 16384 33440 32-97 hp?c 0 524288 0-1023 hp?d 342016 15884 668-699 hp?e 358400 55936 700-809 hp?f 414720 109408 810-1023 hp?g 342016 182112 668-1023 hp?h 50176 291346 98-667 FUJITSU 160M drive partitions: disk start length cyl up?a 0 15884 0-49 up?b 16000 33440 50-154 up?c 0 263360 0-822 up?d 49600 15884 155-204 up?e 65600 55936 205-379 up?f 121600 141600 380-822 up?g 49600 213600 155-822 FUJITSU Eagle partitions disk start length cyls hp?a 0 15884 0-16 hp?b 16320 66880 17-86 hp?c 0 808320 0-841 hp?d 375360 15884 391-407 hp?e 391680 55936 408-727 hp?f 698880 109248 728-841 hp?g 375360 432768 391-841 hp?h 83520 291346 87-390

The up?a partition is normally used for the root file system, the up?b partition as a paging area, and the up?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk). On 160M drives the up?g partition maps the rest of the pack. On other drives both up?g and up?h are used to map the remaining cylinders.

FILES
/dev/up[0-7][a-h]
    block files
/dev/rup[0-7][a-h]
    raw files

DIAGNOSTICS

up%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d[-%d] cs2=%b er1=%b er2=%b. An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified filesystem block number(s), which are logical block numbers on the indicated partition. The contents of the cs2, er1 and er2 registers are printed in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts (including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not recover the error.

up%d: write locked. The write protect switch was set on the drive when a write was attempted. The write operation is not recoverable.

up%d: not ready. The drive was spun down or off line when it was accessed. The i/o operation is not recoverable.

up%d: not ready (flakey). The drive was not ready, but after printing the message about being not ready (which takes a fraction of a second) was ready. The operation is recovered if no further errors occur.

up%d%c: soft ecc reading fsbn %d[-%d]. A recoverable ECC error occurred on the specified sector of the specified disk partition. This happens normally a few times a week. If it happens more frequently than this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive or heads are indicated.

sc%d: lost interrupt. A timer watching the controller detecting no interrupt for an extended period while an operation was outstanding. This indicates a hardware or software failure. There is currently a hardware/software problem with spinning down drives while they are being accessed which causes this error to occur. The error causes a UNIBUS reset, and retry of the pending operations. If the controller continues to lose interrupts, this error will recur a few seconds later.

SEE ALSO
hk(4), hp(4), uda(4)

HISTORY
The up driver appeared in 4.0BSD.

BUGS
A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its present reduced form) is needed.

The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of each pack, as they are never quite what any single installation would prefer, and this would make packs more portable.