EVCNT(9)

NAME
evcnt, evcnt_attach_dynamic, evcnt_attach_static, evcnt_detach - generic event counter framework

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/device.h>
void
evcnt_attach_dynamic(struct evcnt *ev, int type, const struct evcnt *parent, const char *group, const char *name);
void
evcnt_attach_static(struct evcnt *ev);
void
evcnt_detach(struct evcnt *ev);

DESCRIPTION
The NetBSD generic event counter framework is designed to provide a flexible and hierarchical event counting facility, which is useful for tracking system events (including device interrupts).

The fundamental component of this framework is the evcnt structure. Its user-accessible fields are:

    struct evcnt {
            u_int64_t       ev_count;      /* how many have occurred */
            TAILQ_ENTRY(evcnt) ev_list;    /* entry on list of all counters */
            unsigned char   ev_type;       /* counter type; see below */
            unsigned char   ev_grouplen;   /* 'group' len, excluding NUL */
            unsigned char   ev_namelen;    /* 'name' len, excluding NUL */
            const struct evcnt *ev_parent; /* parent, for hierarchical ctrs */
            const char      *ev_group;     /* name of group */
            const char      *ev_name;      /* name of specific event */
    };

The system maintains a global linked list of all active event counters. This list, called allevents, may grow or shrink over time as event counters are dynamically added to and removed from the system.

Each event counter is marked (in the ev_type field) with the type of event being counted. The following types are currently defined:
EVCNT_TYPE_MISC
    Miscellaneous; doesn't fit into one of the other types.
EVCNT_TYPE_INTR
    Interrupt counter, reported by vmstat -i.

Each event counter also has a group name (ev_group) and an event name (ev_name) which are used to identify the counter. The group name may be shared by a set of counters. For example, device interrupt counters would use the name of the device whose interrupts are being counted as the group name. The counter name is meant to distinguish the counter from others in its group (and need not be unique across groups). Both names should be understandable by users, since they are printed by commands like vmstat(8). The constant EVCNT_STRING_MAX is defined to be the maximum group or event name length in bytes (including the trailing NUL). In the current implementation it is 256.

To support hierarchical tracking of events, each event counter can name a “parent” event counter. For instance, interrupt dispatch code could have an event counter per interrupt line, and devices could each have counters for the number of interrupts that they were responsible for causing. In that case, the counter for a device on a given interrupt line would have the line's counter as its parent. The value NULL is be used to indicate that a counter has no parent. A counter's parent must be attached before the counter is attached, and detached after the counter is detached.

The EVCNT_INITIALIZER() macro can be used to provide a static initializer for an event counter structure. It is be invoked as EVCNT_INITIALIZER(type, parent, group, name), and its arguments will be placed into the corresponding fields of the event counter structure it is initializing. The group and name arguments must be constant strings.

The following is a brief description of each function in the framework:

void evcnt_attach_dynamic(struct evcnt *ev, int type, const struct evcnt *parent, const char *group, const char *name)

    Attach the event counter structure pointed to by ev to the system event list. The event counter is cleared and its fields initialized using the arguments to the function call. The contents of the remaining elements in the structure (e.g., the name lengths) are calculated, and the counter is added to the system event list.

    The strings specified as the group and counter names must persist (with the same value) throughout the life of the event counter; they are referenced by, not copied into, the counter.

void evcnt_attach_static(struct evcnt *ev)

    Attach the statically-initialized event counter structure pointed to by ev to the system event list. The event counter is assumed to be statically initialized using the EVCNT_INITIALIZER() macro. This function simply calculates structure elements' values as appropriate (e.g., the string lengths), and adds the counter to the system event list.

void evcnt_detach(struct evcnt *ev)

    Detach the event counter structure pointed to by ev from the system event list.

Note that no method is provided to increment the value of an event counter. Code incrementing an event counter should do so by directly accessing its ev_count field in a manner that is known to be safe. For instance, additions to a device's event counters in the interrupt handler for that device will often be safe without additional protection (because interrupt handler entries for a given device have to be serialized). However, for other uses of event counters, additional locking or use of machine-dependent atomic operation may be appropriate. (The overhead of using a mechanism that is guaranteed to be safe to increment every counter, regardless of actual need for such a mechanism where the counter is being incremented, would be too great. On some systems, it might involve a global lock and several function calls.)

USING THE FRAMEWORK
This section includes a description on basic use of the framework and example usage of its functions.

Device drivers can use the evcnt_attach_dynamic() and evcnt_detach() functions to manage device-specific event counters. Statically configured system modules can use evcnt_attach_static() to configure global event counters. Similarly, loadable modules can use evcnt_attach_static() to configure their global event counters, evcnt_attach_dynamic() to attach device-specific event counters, and evcnt_detach() to detach all counters when being unloaded.

Device drivers that wish to use the generic event counter framework should place event counter structures in their “softc” structures. For example, to keep track of the number of interrupts for a given device (broken down further into “device readable” and “device writable” interrupts) a device driver might use:

    struct foo_softc {
            struct device sc_dev;          /* generic device information */
            [ . . . ]
            struct evcnt sc_ev_intr;       /* interrupt count */
            struct evcnt sc_ev_intr_rd;    /* 'readable' interrupt count */
            struct evcnt sc_ev_intr_wr;    /* 'writable' interrupt count */
            [ . . . ]
    };

In the device attach function, those counters would be registered with the system using the evcnt_attach_dynamic() function, using code like:

    void
    fooattach(parent, self, aux)
            struct device *parent, *self;
            void *aux;
    {
            struct foo_softc *sc = (struct foo_softc *)self;
            [ . . . ]
            /* Initialize and attach event counters. */
            evcnt_attach_dynamic(&sc->sc_ev, EVCNT_TYPE_INTR,
                NULL, sc->sc_dev.dv_xname, "intr");
            evcnt_attach_dynamic(&sc->sc_ev_rd, EVCNT_TYPE_INTR,
                &sc->sc_ev, sc->sc_dev.dv_xname, "intr rd");
            evcnt_attach_dynamic(&sc->sc_ev_wr, EVCNT_TYPE_INTR,
                &sc->sc_ev, sc->sc_dev.dv_xname, "intr wr");
            [ . . . ]
    }

If the device can be detached from the system, its detach function should invoke evcnt_detach() on each attached counter (making sure to detach any “parent” counters only after detaching all children).

Code like the following might be used to initialize a static event counter (in this example, one used to track CPU alignment traps):

            struct evcnt aligntrap_ev = EVCNT_INITIALIZER(EVCNT_TYPE_MISC,
                NULL, "cpu", "aligntrap")

To attach this event counter, code like the following could be used:

            evcnt_attach_static(&aligntrap_ev);

CODE REFERENCES
This section describes places within the NetBSD source tree where actual code implementing or utilizing the event counter framework can be found. All pathnames are relative to /usr/src.

The event counter framework itself is implemented within the file sys/kern/subr_autoconf.c. Data structures and function prototypes for the framework are located in sys/sys/device.h.

Event counters are used throughout the system.

The vmstat(8) source file usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c shows an example of how to access event counters from user programs.

AUTHOR
The NetBSD generic event counter framework was designed and implemented by Chris Demetriou <cgd@NetBSD.ORG>.

SEE ALSO
vmstat(8)

HISTORY
A set of interrupt counter interfaces with similar names to the interfaces in the NetBSD generic event counter framework appeared as part of the new autoconfiguration system in 4.4BSD. Those interfaces were never widely adopted in NetBSD because of limitations in their applicability. (Their use was limited to non-hierarchical, dynamically attached device interrupt counters.) The NetBSD generic event counter framework first appeared in NetBSD 1.5.